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中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案 (1)

词汇(词形变换)一.填空题(共39小题)1.(2018•扬州)Cells are the smallest and most basic units of living matter.(small) 【解答】根据Cells are the﹣﹣and most basic units of living matter.(small)这里and 后面用的是最高级形式,前面也应该用最高级形式.故填smallest.2.(2018•扬州)There is a place in my heart where all nations will live peacefully some day.(peace)【解答】根据There is a place in my heart where all nations will live﹣﹣ some day.(peace)可知这里修饰动词用副词形式.故填peacefully.3.(2018•扬州)Tom is thinking about going as a cowboy for the fifth year at Halloween.(five)【解答】根据Tom is thinking about going as a cowboy for the﹣﹣year at Halloween.(five)可知这里句子表示事物的顺序,用序数词.故填fifth.4.(2018•扬州)Dad brought them to our house and Mum soon had a lunch ready for them.(bring)【解答】根据had 判断句子使用一般过去时.故填brought.5.(2018•扬州)The librarian was smiling at me and seemed friendly.(smile) 【解答】根据The librarian was﹣﹣at me and seemed friendly.可知这里含有be动词,后面跟现在分词,构成过去进行时.故填smiling.6.(2016•扬州)It's dangerous to drive on snowy days.(snow)【解答】答案:snowy根据该空处在句中作定语修饰名词days,故填入形容词,所给词snow为名词意为"雪",其对应的形容词为snowy意为"下雪的",故答案为:snowy7.(2016•扬州)Jim laid out the knives and forks at the lunch table.(knife)【解答】答案:knives根据该空处在句中作宾语故填入名词的正确形式,所给词knife为名词意为"刀子"又知该空处和forks作并列宾语,故knife在句中作宾语也用其复数形式,故答案为:knives 8.(2016•扬州)We are sorry to hear that you are not satisfied with your new car.(satisfy) 【解答】答案:satisfied根据空格前为系动词are 空格后为介词with,结合所给词satisfy可联系固定短语be satisfied with 意为"对…满意"其中satisfied为形容词意为"满意的",故答案为satisfied 9.(2016•扬州)He was proud of himself after the swimming competition last Saturday.(he) 【解答】答案:himself根据该空处在句中作宾语,所给词he 为人称代词主格通常在句中作主语,结合句子的主语为he 和宾语为同一人,故填入he对应的反身代词himself意为"他自己";故该句理解为:上周六游泳比赛后他为自己感到骄傲.故答案为:himself10.(2016•扬州)The world's highest glass bottom bridge will be open early 2017in Zhangjiajie.(high)【解答】答案:highest根据该空处在句中作定语修饰名词短语glass bottom bridge,故填入形容词的正确形式,所给词high为形容词意为"高的"结合空格前the world's 可知比较范围为三者及以上,故填入所给形容词最高级形式,表达世界上最高的玻璃底桥,故填入high的最高级,故答案为:highest11.(2015•扬州)I t's the fourth time that I have visited the city of Yangzhou.(four) 【解答】答案:fourth.句中的the是定冠词,后加序数词,所给单词four是基数词四,其序数词是fourth第四,故答案是fourth12.(2015•扬州)A friend of my father's bought my son this model plane.(father) 【解答】答案:father's.结合前面的A friend of my联想到这里是用双重所有格,of是一个所有格,故空格处应用所有格,father是名词父亲,加上's构成所有格father's爸爸的,故答案是father's.13.(2015•扬州)Reaching the top of the moutain,we were all breathing heavily.(heavy) 【解答】答案:heavily.空格处是需要用来修饰breath动词呼吸,故用副词来修饰,所给单词heavy是形容词沉重的,变y为i加上ly构成副词heavily沉重地,故答案是heavily. 14.(2015•扬州)I didn't hear the bell because it was too noisy in the classroom.(noise)【解答】答案:noisy.because引导的原因状语从句中it是主语,was在这作为系动词,后加上形容词构成系表结构,too是副词来修饰该形容词的,所给单词noise是名词噪音,去e加上y构成形容词noisy吵闹的,故答案是noisy.15.(2015•扬州)They have just had a discussion about where to spend their holidays(discuss) 【解答】答案:discussion.句中的a是不定冠词,后加名词单数,discuss是动词讨论,加上ion构成名词discussion讨论,故答案是discussion.16.(2014•扬州)The books on the shelf are that visitor's.(visit)【解答】答案:visitor's 根据此句中主语是物可知,此处要用名词所有格形式;visit是动词"参观";visitor是名词"参观者";visitor's是名词所有格"参观者的".故答案为:visitor's. 17.(2014•扬州)The foreigner has been used to eating with chopsticks.(eat) 【解答】be used to doing sth习惯于做某事,be used to do sth被用来做某事,根据句意应填eating.18.(2014•扬州)Kids,help yourselves to some fruit,it's good for your health.(you) 【解答】help oneself表示自取所需,根据kids和所给词you,所以要用you的反身代词的复数形式.故答案为:yourselves19.(2014•扬州)Hopefully,the"Chinese Dream"will come true in the near future.(hope) 【解答】根据语境和句意希望中国们会实现,在句中hope修饰的是come true动词词组,要用它的副词形式.故答案为:Hopefully20.(2014•扬州)Two fifths of the students have read the book Alice in Wonderland.(five) 【解答】根据语境和句意要填的是五分之二,分子是two,分母为序数词,分子是复数要在分母后加s,所以要用five的序数词fifth加s形式.故答案为:fifths 21.(2013•扬州) Luckily,I could get the last ticket to the concert.(luck) 【解答】答案:Luckily 本题要填写luck的副词形式,luckily,意思是,幸运的是,通常放在句首.故填luckily.22.(2013•扬州)Sandy collected pictures of all kinds of butterflies.(butterfly) 【解答】答案:butterflies 要用butterfly的复数形式,因为前面的all kinds of 后面要加名词的复数形式,butterfly的复数形式为butterflies,因此答案为butterflies. 23.(2013•扬州)The novel was later made into a play.(make)【解答】答案:made 根据The novel was later___into a play.可知这句话的主语是The novel,是动作的承受者,它和动词make构成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态.根据句子中was,可知应该是一般过去时的被动语态.一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词.所以应该是was made,故填:made.24.(2013•扬州)We can't walk across the street when the traffic light is red.(cross) 【解答】答案:acrosswalk across是固定短语,意思为步行,步行穿过.cross是动词,若用在此处前面不能加walk,即cross the street.across是介词,前面要加动词walk 或者 go.walk (go) across the street=cross the street,因此应变cross为across,即walk across the street. 25.(2013•扬州)It's raining.Why not take a raincoat with you?(take) 【解答】答案:takewhy not do sth是固定搭配,意思为,为什么不…因此空白处要填动词原形.随身带某物的固定搭配为take sth with sb,所以这里要填take的动词原形,故答案为take. 26.(2012•扬州)Too many sweets are bad for teenagers'teeth.(tooth) 【解答】答案:teeth;根据句中的teenagers'可知该用tooth的复数形式teeth;故填teeth. 27.(2012•扬州)I asked her if she was ready to go,and she nodded.(nod) 【解答】答案:nodded;该题考查学生对句子时态和词性的掌握;"and"引导的前后的句子的时态应该是一致的;根据句中I asked her if she was ready to go可知后面的句子也应该用过去式,nod的过去式是nodded;故填nodded.28.(2012•扬州)Most people prefer sunny days because they can enjoy themselves outside.(sun)【解答】答案:sunny;该题考查学生对词性的掌握;根据句中的days可知该词的前面应该用形容词形式sunny,修饰days;sunny days,意为:阳光明媚的日子;故填sunny. 29.(2012•扬州)You simply can't imagine how terrible the earthquake is.(simple) 【解答】答案:simply;根据句子结构可知can't需要一个副词形式的单词;simple的副词形式是simply,简直;简单地;故填simply.30.(2012•扬州)Our English teacher will go abroad for further education next month.(far) 【解答】答案:further;该题考查学生对句意的理解和对词汇的掌握;根据句中给出的信息far和对句意的理解,可知用further;further education,进修,继续教育;应填further. 31.(2011•扬州)Even a child knows September is the ninth month of a year.(nine) 【解答】答案:ninth.根据 September,可知九月是一年中第九个月,所以这里应该用nine的序数词ninth表示.故填ninth.32.(2011•扬州)Our notebook computer weighs5pounds and costs about $2,000.(weigh) 【解答】答案:weighs 根据"costs"可知与之相并列的and之前的动作也应该是一般现在时,根据主语"our notebook computer"(我们的笔记本电脑),可知主语为第三人称单数,其后的谓语动词weigh要用第三人称单数形式weighs,故答案为weighs 33.(2011•扬州)Yesterday I bought a new dress at the Macy's for my mum.(buy) 【解答】答案:bought 根据时间状语yesterday"昨天"得知,此句表达的是过去发生的动作,所以要用一般过去时态;动词buy的过去式bought,故填:bought. 34.(2018•鄂州)I didn't want to be treated differently from anyone else.(different) 【解答】答案:differently;根据句中的treated可知该空应填副词differently不同地,做状语,修饰treated;结合语境及单词提示,故填differently.35.(2011•扬州)She was serving in the kitchen when the light went out.(serve) 【解答】答案:serving 本题所考查知识点是对实义动词的理解.在when引导的从句里当一个动作发生时,这里指"灯熄灭时"用一般过去时,另一个动作"准备上菜"正在进行,使用过去进行时即was/were+doing;可知,故应填写serving.36.(2010•扬州)The Chinese government has made great contributions to the development of the world's high speed railway.(develop)【解答】答案:development联系语境,根据句中关键部分the…of可知此处应该填入一个名词;结合给出的提示词develop为动词"发展";所以应用其名词形式development,此处指"高铁的发展".故填写development.37.(2010•扬州)It's truly possible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day.(true)【解答】答案:truly联系语境,根据句中的关键词possible,可知它是一个形容词"可能的";结合给出的提示词true,可知这是一个形容词"真正的",其放在形容词possible的前面,显然应该用true 的副词形式truly来修饰形容词possible,truly possible意为"真正有可能".故填写truly. 38.(2010•扬州)Simon is such a dishonest person that no one believes him.(honest) 【解答】答案:dishonest联系语境,并根据后半句no one believes him,结合给出的提示形容词honest,其意为"诚实的";既然说没有人相信他,所以可以推测出前半句的意思肯定为他是一个不诚实的人;故此处应该用honest的反义词"不诚实的",在honest前加表示否定的前缀dis,即为dishonest.故填写dishonest.39.(2010•扬州)This is the lightest and thinnest of all the e﹣books in the world.(light). 【解答】答案:lightest 根据of all可知,此处表示比较的范围是"在所有的…中",要用形容词的最高级;形容词最高级的表达是:the+形容词最高级+in/of+比较的范围.句中light的最高级形式是lightest,故答案为:lightest.二.词汇应用(共6小题)40.(2017•扬州)The boys'faces were a sight,covered with dust.(boy) 【解答】答案:boys'.根据The﹣﹣faces were a sight,covered with dust.(boy)可知男孩子们的脸上满是灰尘.句子中faces用的是复数形式,那么前面修饰它的名词也应该用复数形式,这里表示某某的,应该用所有格形式.故填boys'.41.(2017•扬州)You can enjoy water sports,or simply lie on the beach.(simple) 【解答】答案:simply.通过分析句子结构可知,句子中有一个并列连词or,or连接的是并列的,相同的成分,结构,在这个句子中,or连接的是两个动词短语,在空格后面是动词lie,结合给出的单词提示,所以要用副词形式来修饰动词,所以这个句子的意思是"你可以享受水上运动,或仅仅是躺在海滩上."结合给出的单词提示,故填simply.42.(2017•扬州)Some complain that visitors are causing too much stress on the environment.(cause)【解答】答案:causing.通过分析句子结构可知,空格前面是系动词are,给出的单词是一个动词,所以我们要考虑使用现在进行时来填空,所以这个句子的意思是"游客太多的抱怨引起了环境的太大压力."结合给出的单词提示,故填causing.43.(2017•扬州)People who often list things they are thankful for are happier and healthier.(healthy)【解答】答案:healthier.通过分析句子结构可知,空格前面是并列连词and,and连接的是并列的,相同的结构,空格前面是形容词的比较级,所以空格后面也要用比较级,所以这个句子的意思是"经常列出他们要感谢的事物名单的人,他们是更幸福的又更健康的."结合给出的单词提示,故填healthier.44.(2017•扬州)Never give up!Pain always comes with achievement(s) .(achieve) 【解答】答案:achievement(s).通过分析句子结构可知,空格前面是介词with,因此可知空格处需要用名词形式来填空,结合给出的单词提示achieve,所以要用其名词形式achievement来填空,整个句子的意思是"永远也不要放弃!痛苦总是伴随着成就一块来的."由于成绩,成就也有可能有很多,所以也可以用复数形式来填空,综上所述,故填achievement(s). 45.(2010•扬州)Our planet,Earth,is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.(pollute )【解答】答案:polluted联系语境,根据关键词becoming,可知它是一个系动词,其后应该跟形容词形式;结合给出的提示词为动词pollute,"污染",结合语境,地球应该是被人污染的,含有被动的意味,所以此处应该用pollute的过去分词形式为polluted,意为"被污染的",表被动,相当于形容词的功能.故填写polluted。

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