常见化学物质俗称大全常见化学物质俗称大全每一种化学物质都有其唯一的化学名，又称“学名”。

然而，我们在书上看到许多以该化学物质的来源、用途和物理性质等来命名的物质，我们称其为“俗称”。

现在笔者，就高中阶段常见到的俗称及其所对应的主要成分的化学式作一总结,希望能给读者一些方便。

-d Q!N#z P i7S一、硫酸盐类： 1．皓矾： ZnSO4.7H2O2. 钡餐,重晶石： BaSO43．绿矾： FeSO4.7H2O4. 芒硝： NaSO4.10H2O5．明矾： KAl(SO4) 2.12H2O二、矿石类：1. 莹石：CaF2 [ R.M H s"I r&w };a7I2^2. 光卤石： KCl.MgCl2.6H2O q r W T h&O5^ n3. 黄铜矿： CuFeS2 ?'| p O |$N$D4. 矾土：Al2O3.H2O、Al2O3.3H2O和少量Fe2O3 、SiO25．磁铁矿石： Fe3O46. 赤铁矿石：Fe2O3v2m T"v6r7. 褐铁矿石： 2Fe2O3.3H2O8. 菱铁矿石：Fe2CO3.|4nj9．镁铁矿石：Mg2SiO410. 苏口铁：碳以片状石墨形式存在分析化学|化学分析|仪器分析|分析测试|色谱|电泳|光谱|等交流'a W h,s:F2Q11. 白口铁:碳以FeC3形式存 f l a12. 高岭石： Al2 (Si2O5)(OH) 4 或(Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O)13．正长石： KAlSi3O814. 石英：SiO215．硼砂： Na2B4O7.10H2O 分析化学论坛)^;f7] kB4t/f d A2T 16. 脉石：SiO2 2J@#b a R ^ X D17．刚玉(蓝宝石.红宝石)：天然产的无色氧化铝晶体E¬U&r \7y O三、气体类：1．高炉煤气：CO,CO2等混合气体２.水煤气CO,H23. 天然气（沼气）：CH4四、有机类：分析化学论坛0M F8A v2xW1. 福马林（蚁醛）： HCHO 2P5S vj ?2. 蚁酸：HCOOH 分析化学论坛.g!} |/b4N _3．尿素： (NH4CNO)或 CO(NH2) 24. 氯仿： CCl45．木精（工业酒精）：CH3OH ¬Ex2yu2a¬b9] W V6. 甘油： CH2OH-CHOH- CH2OH7．硬脂酸：C17H35COOH 分析化学论坛 @8. 软脂酸： C15H31COOH9. 油酸： C17H33OH !U D&L T;X3@4H10．肥皂：C17H35COONa '~8h h F ^ O p!_ [ m |11．银氨溶液：[Ag(NH3) 2]+ n/N4Q:f%t¬K J:vW-f12．乳酸：CH3-CHOH-COOH 分析化学,论坛,化学分析,仪器分析,分析测试,色谱,电泳,光谱7R¬f$E h¬I)m3\4X e ]&r'\13．葡萄糖：C6H12O6 `9X9B v(j ~ |14．蔗糖：C12H22O1115.核糖：CH2OH-(CHOH) 3CHO16.脱氧核糖：CH2OH-(CHOH) 2CH2-CH 317．淀粉： (C6H10O5)n18．火棉,胶棉：主要成份都是[(C6H7O2)-(ONO2) 3] n 只是前者含N量高五、其他类：1. 白垩： CaCO3 分析化学,论坛,化学分析,仪器分析,分析测试,色谱,电泳,光谱)X.q2.石灰乳：Ca(OH) 2 分析化学,论坛,化学分析,仪器分析,分析测试,色谱,电泳,光谱$V!J8m9E$P o T&N3. 熟石灰： 2CaSO4.H2O 分析化学,论坛,化学分析,仪器分析,分析测试,色谱,电泳,光谱 t4. 足球烯： C60 分析化学,论坛,化学分析,仪器分析,分析测试,色谱,电泳,光谱 H cC s/] ?'b L5.铜绿：Cu2(OH)2CO36. 纯碱： Na2CO37.王水： HCl,HNO3 (3:1)8. 水玻璃(泡火碱) ：Na2SiO3 分析化学论坛!G#p O D6~ u2L ZX*r \9.小苏打：NaHCO3 ?'b3c0P+Z f m#v X&]10.苏打：Na2CO3 *s {11. 大苏打：Na2S2O312.盐卤：MgCl2.6HOAAA - Amino acid analysis –氨基酸分析AAS - Atomic absorption spectrometry –原子吸收光谱AED - Atomic emission detection –原子发射检测AES - Atomic emission spectrometry –原子发射光谱AFD - Alkali flame detection –碱火焰检测API - Atmospheric-pressure ionization –常压电离AX/HPLC - Anion-exchange HPLC –离子交换HPLCCC - Open (low pressure) column chromatography –开口(低压)柱色谱法CD - Conductivity detection –电导检测CEC - Capillary Electrochromatography –毛细管电色谱法CF-FAB - Continuous flow FAB –持流FABCGC - Capillary column gas chromatography –毛细管柱气相色谱法CI/MS - Chemical ionization MS –化学电离MSCIA - Capillary ion analysis –毛细管离子分析CLD - Chemiluminescence detection –化学发光检测CLSE - Column liquid-solid extraction –液固柱萃取13C-NMR - Carbon-13 NMR –碳13NMRCSFC - Capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography –毛细管超临界流体色谱法CV - Cyclic voltammetry –循环伏安法CX/HPLC - Cation-exchange HPLC –阳离子交换HPLCCZE - Capillary zone electrophoresis –毛细管区域电泳EC - Electron capture detection –电子捕获检测ECD - Electrochemical detection –电化学检测EI/MS - Electron-impact MS –电子碰撞MSEIA - Enzyme immunoassay –酶免疫测定ELISA - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay –酶联免疫吸附测定EMIT - Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique –酶多联免疫测定技术EPR - Electron paramagnetic resonance –电子顺磁共振FAB/MS - Fast-atom-bombardment MS –快速原子轰击MS FD - Fluorescence detection –荧光检测FIA - Flow injection analysis –流动注射分析FID - Flame ionization detection –火焰离子化检测FPD - Flame photometric detection –火焰光度检测FPIA - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay –荧光偏振免疫测定FTD - Flame thermionic detection (alkali flame ionization ) –火焰热离子检测(碱火焰离子化)GC - Gas chromatography –气相色谱法GC/MS - GC/mass spectrometry – GC/MSGFC - Gel filtration chromatography –凝胶过滤色谱法GPC - Gel permeation chromatography –凝胶渗透色谱法HallECD - Hall electrolytic conductivity detection –霍尔电解质电导率检测HPLC - High performance liquid chromatography –高效液相色谱法µHPLC - Microcolumn HPLC –微径柱HPLCHPTLC - High performance TLC –高效TLCHRGC - High resolution GC –高分辨GCIE/HPLC - Ion-exchange HPLC –离子交换HPLCIEC - Ion-exchange (low pressure) chromatography –离子交换(低压)色谱法IEF - Isoelectric focusing –等电点聚焦ILC - Ion liquid chromatography –离子液相色谱法IMS - Ion mobility spectrometer –离子淌度光谱仪IR - Infrared spectrometry –红外光谱法LC - Liquid chromatography –液相色谱法µLC - Microcolumn LC –微径柱LCLC/MS - Coupled HPLC- mass spectrometry – LC/MS联用LIFD - Laser-induced fluorescence detection –激光诱导荧光检测LLE - Liquid-liquid extraction –液液萃取LSC - Liquid scintillation counting –液滴闪烁计数LSE - Liquid-solid extraction –液固萃取MD - Mass detection –质量检测MECC - Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography –胶束电动毛细管色谱法MSD - Mass selective detection –质量选择检测NICI/MS - Negative-ion CI/MS –负离子CI/MSNMR - Nuclear magnetic resonance –核磁共振NP/HPLC - Normal-phase HPLC –正相HPLCNPD - Nitrogen phosphorous detection –氮磷检测PAD - Pulsed-amperometric detection –脉冲电流检测PAGE - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis –聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCR - Post-column reaction (on-line) –后柱反应(在线)PDA - Photodiode array –二极管阵列PI/HPLC - Paired-ion HPLC –离子对上HPLCPICI/MS - Positive-ion CI/MS –正离子CI/MS1H-NMR - Proton NMR –质子NMRPSFID - Phosphorus sulfur flame ionization detection –磷硫火焰离子化检测PTLC - Preparative TLC –制备TLCRD - Radioactivity detection –放射性检测RI - Refractive index detection –示差折光检测RIA – Radioimmunoassay –放射免疫测定RP/HPLC - Reversed-phase HPLC –反相HPLCRRA - Radioreceptor assay –放射受体测定SAX - Strong anion exchange –强阴离子交换SCX - Strong cation exchange –强阳离子交换SDS-PAGE - Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE –十二烷基磺酸钠PAGESEC - Size exclusion chromatography –尺寸排阻色谱法SFC - Supercritical-fluid chromatography –超临界流体色谱法SID - Surface ionization detection –表面离子化检测SIM - Selective ion monitoring –选择性离子监测SPE - Solid phase extraction –固相萃取TCA - Total carbon analysis –总碳分析TCD - Thermal conductivity detection –热导检测2-D TLC - Two-dimensional TLC –二维TLCTEA - Thermal energy analyzer –热能分析仪TLC - Thin layer chromatography –薄层色谱法TSMS - Mass spectrometric detection with thermospray interface –带热喷雾接口的质谱检测UV/VIS - Ultraviolet/visible detection –紫外/可见光检测WAX - Weak anion exchange –弱阴离子交换WCX - Weak cation exchange –弱阳离子交换。