当前位置:文档之家› 初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如:They will build a newbridgeoverthe river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。

不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:一般现在时:am /is/ are+done一般过去时:was/were+done一般将来时:shall/ will +be done一般过去将来时:should /would+ bedone现在进行时:am / is/are+ being+ done过去进行时:was / were +being+ done现在完成时:have /has+been+ done过去完成时:had + been + done将来完成时:shall /will+ have been+done过去将来完成时:should / would +have been +done[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时:(1)People grow rice inthe south of thecountry.Rice is grown inthe south of the country.(2)Theschooldoesn't allowus to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.Wearenotallowed to enter the chemistry labwithouta teacher.2.一般过去时:(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factorylastmonth.Thebuildingof anew car factory wasagreed on last month.(2)Thestudents didn't forget hislessons easily.Hislessons werenot easily forgotten3.一般将来时:(1)Theywill sendcars abroad by sea.Carswill besentabroad by sea.(2)Theywillgive plenty of jobs toschool-leavers.Plentyof jobs will be giventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时:(1)Themanager saidtheywould completetheprojectby theend of theyear.The manager said theproject would be completed by the end of the year. (2)Theworkerstold me they would mend thecar assoon as possible.The workers toldme that thecarwouldbe mendedas soonas possible.5. 现在进行时:(1)The radio isbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessons are being broadcastedon the radio.(2) We arepaintingthe rooms.Therooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时:(1)Theworkers were mending the road.The road was beingmended.(2)This time last year we were planting treeshere.Treeswerebeingplanted herethis time lastyear.7. 现在完成时:(1)Someone has told methesportsmeetingmight be put off.I have been toldthesports meeting might be put off.(2)He hasbrought his book here.Hisbook has beenbroughthere.8. 过去完成时:(1)WhenI gotto thetheatre,I foundthey had alreadysold out the tickets. WhenI gotto the theatre,I foundthe tickets had alreadybeen soldout. (2)People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been consideredto be agreat leader(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand inyour compositions after class.Your compositionsmust behandedin after class.(2)He canwrite a great many letterswith the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。

“Mr.White, the cupwasbroken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。

These recordsweremade byJohnDenver.The cupwas broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替by 短语。

Thesecars were made in China.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1) My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语→I was invited(by my aunt ) toher dinnerparty.主语谓语宾语(2) The schoolset up a special classtohelp poorreaders.→ A specialclass to help poor readers was set upin theschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。

如果原句主语是地名词作状语。

(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词,在被动语态中用in +地点时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have boughta new computer.A newcomputer hasbeen bought. (正确)A new computerhavebeen bought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myuncle gave me a present onmybirthday.I was givenapresentonmy birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:A presentwas givento me yesterday.注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer, pass,pay, promise,sell,show, take, teach,tell 等。

(1) The bookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:build, buy, cook,cut, choose,do, fetch, find,fix, get, keep, make,order, paint, play,sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made forme.(2)The meat wascookedfor us.(3)Somecountry music was played for us.3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。

这类动词有:不及物动词+ 介词,如:agreeto, askfor, laugh at, operated on, listento, lookaf ter, think of, talkabout等。

(1) The patient is being operated on.(2) The problem issolved.Itneedn't betalked about.及物动词+副词:如:bring about, carry out,find out, give up,hand in,make o ut,pass on,point out, put away, put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out等。

(1)His request was turned down.(2) Thesportsmeetwill be put offbecause of thebad weather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

如:(1) We always keep theclassroom clean.→The classroom is alwayskept clean.(2)Shetold us tofollowherinstructions.→We were toldto follow her instructions.注意:在see, watch,hear, notice,listen to,look at, make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。

相关主题