Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Section A1.Could you please do sth ?用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can 则不具备这些语气。
这种情况下不能把could 看作can 的过去式。
以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。
表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could 之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说Yes，或Sure 或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may / can). 或That's OK / all right.如果不同意，可以说I'm sorry you can't. 或I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。
否定回答通常用委婉语气。
2. take(1)取，拿：Please take some books to the classroom.(2)吃，喝，服用Take some medicine.(3)乘车，船等We can take a bus to the park.(4)花费（时间、金钱）It took me 2 hours to do my homework.take care of 照顾take a walk 散步take awa拿take up占据take place 发生take off脱下；take one’s time慢慢来3.problem question 问题problem客观存在待解决的问题，侧重困难。
Solve the problemquestion因存疑而提出问题，侧重疑惑。
answer the question4.(1)neither adv 也不句子须部分倒装。
此时可用nor替换neitherI don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。
Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。
【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。
(2) neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词就近原则Neither Tom nor I am a student(3) neither 作代词表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Neither of my parents is at home.辨析also, too, either, neither(1)also 较正式，在句中位于行为动词前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also likes beef. I am also a student. She can also swim.(2)too较口语，多用在肯定句句末。
(3)either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句句末。
I don’t have much money either.(4)neither 用作副词，意为“也不”解释，句子须采用部分倒装。
also和too常用于肯定句，neither用于否定句；either表示“也”用于否定，但either…or用于肯定。
5.or否定句也不We don’t have tea or coffee.陈述句或者Answer me yes or no.疑问句还是Do you like red or pink?表转折否则祈使句Hurry up, or you will be late.e over 过来come across （偶然）发现come back回来come up with想出come true实现come from来自come on加油come in/into 进入,进来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7. surprise(1) in surprise 惊奇地惊讶地He look at me in surprise.(2)可数名词，令人惊奇的事或物That is a big surprise.(3)不可数名词惊奇to one’s surpriseTo my surprise, he didn’t leave.(4)及物动词，使惊奇surprise sbHis success surprised us.8.work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫9.borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sthlend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？注意：keep 延续性动词I can keep the book for one week.10.pass sb sth=pass sth to sb地给某人某物11.need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing = sth need to be doneneed做情态动词用于否定句或疑问句.(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’tMust I go there now?Yes，you must/No, you needn’tSection B1.invite v → invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地2.waste(1) v 浪费waste time/money on sthwaste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱(2) n 不可数浪费废物垃圾a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱(3)adj 浪费的无用的荒废的waste paper3.spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费......sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sthspend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)take→took → taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.4.in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形句首句尾都可以in order to do sth 为了做某事5.provide v 提供为应急等做好准备而提供；供给provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物= provide sb. with sth.(1)offer侧重表示愿意给予offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物offer to do sth 主动提出干某事(2) supply定期供应, 强调替代或补充所需物品supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物6.depend on 依靠；信赖It all depends.=That depends. 视情况而定7.since conj.(1)由于，因为，既然引导原因状语从句(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）Since we don’t have money,we can’t buy a house.(2)自....以后，自.....以来引导时间状语从句It’s two years since we visited your mother.8.keep +sth /sb. +adj. 使......处于某种状态keep 系动词保持keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词保持；继续(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事He was in great pain but he kept on working(2) keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.9. as a result 结果因此（插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）as a result of 由于.....，作为.......的结果10.the + 比较级，the + 比较级越...... 越......The faster, the better.11.independent adj 独立的，自主的12. make → made →made v. 做，制作，使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词让某人或某物… make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh.make sure 确信make a dialogue编对话make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽) make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends (with)和..交朋友make room for给..让地方make tea沏茶make money赚钱make a decision作出决定make the bed 整理床铺make a living 谋生make fun of = laugh at 取笑13. have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空14. get into =enter 进入get up 起床get back 返回get over 克服get dressed穿衣get into进入get/be lost丢失get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从…出来get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关：(be asleep睡着)15.get older 长大get/ become/ go辨析：(1)get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用The days are getting longer and longer.(2)become 强调变化的结果It's becoming colder and colder.(3)go+adj. 表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿16. do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分d o one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责17.develop independence 培养独立意识develop v→development n发展→developing adj.发展的→developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家18.take care of 照顾take photos/pictures 照像take away拿走take out取出(work out算出) take care当心take medicine服药take place发生take one’s temperature量体温take one’s time别着急take a walk散步。