Emperor Yingzheng
• To achieve this, Emperor Qin Shihuang shook up the civil system in three areas: first, he was responsible for the promotion of officials at all levels; second, he adopted the prefecture and county system and third , he standardized the legal system, measures.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses
• The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty are known as “ the eighth miracles in the world”. • How were these Qin Warriors found? • Why was their appearance so different from each other? • Why were the tomb figures made?
No. 1 Pit
Hale Waihona Puke o. 1 Pit• No.1 pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang were digging a well 1.5 kilometers east of the mausoleum. • They reported their finding to the administration of culture relics. A prolonged and hard excavation effort was launched. • Five years or arduous work resulted in this gigantic and well-structured museum being built above the underground artifacts. • This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad.
• The First Emperor of Qin lived from 259 to 210 B.C. and was surnamed Ying and had Zheng as his given name. • He ascended throne when he was 13 years old and took the helm of the state at age of 22.
No. 1 Pit
• No.1 pit is 330 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south and 5 meters deep, covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. • On the east end there stand three rows of terracotta warriors who face east. Numbering a total of 210, they were meant to serve as the vanguards. • Behind them are the main forces in 38 columns and were positioned in 11 tunnels. • The grounds of the tunnels were laid with black bricks and the wooden roofs were supported by pillars.
Emperor Yingzheng
• He also commissioned a large number of laborers to pave high-grade carriageways to facilitate trade and cultural exchange. • In addition, he built the Great Wall on old foundations that snaked from Jiayu Pass in Gansu Province in the west to Shanhai Pass in Liaodong Peninsula in the east in order to protect China against harassment by the northern nomadic groups.
Mausoleum
Mausoleum
• Like other emperors in Chinese history, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty built his own grand and luxurious mausoleum. He ordered its construction to begin when he came to power at the age of 13. This imperial mausoleum was originally 120 meters tall and 2,000 meters in circumference. Now it is still 76 meters tall and 400 meters in circumference.
The Three Pits
• The No.1 Pit was open to the public in October 1979. • On the World Tourism Day that fell on September 27, 1989, the No.3 pit was completed and opened up. • A marble structure was also built in November 1994 on the No. 2 pit. • Further excavation work is still being carried out.
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang
Contents
• 1.Emperor Yingzheng • 2.Mausoleum • 3. Pits of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Emperor Yingzheng
Emperor Yingzheng
Emperor Yingzheng
• From then on Yingzheng named himself the First Emperor in the hope that his descendants would pass down his regime from generation to generation. • When he established the first feudal empire in China’s history he laid a solid basis for the rapid development of its economy, politics, ideology and culture.
• The memorial park on the ground can be deemed as a miniature capital, since the First Emperor accurately copied the layout of Xianyang, the capital city. • There used to be a palace compound in the northwestern part and a fishpond in the northeaster corner. • In the outer compound there was a quarry pit in the northwest and a graveyard in the west. • According to historical records, the country boasted a population of 20 million, among which 7 million were able-bodied laborers. To construct the mausoleum, more than 700,00 of these laborers were conscripted.
Emperor Yingzheng
• To further boost his power, Yingzheng promoted a number of talented and competent civil servants and generals. In order to unify the greater China, he laid down a military strategy of befriending distant states while attacking those nearby. • By 221 B. C., he defeated six countries in less than ten years, ending more than 500-year-long chaotic Warring States Period.
No. 1 Pit
• The roof was covered by an impressed mat that was to be topped by soil. Each tunnel is five meters deep from the surface. • On the south, north and west sides of the tunnels, there stand rows of warriors who face outward. • More than 1,000 pottery figures have now been unearthed from this pit. It is estimated that more than 6,000 terracotta warriors will eventually be exhumed when the project is completed.