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常用英语基础知识

、一个星期七天Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday二、一年十二个月January February March April May June July August September October November December三、一年四季1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth 第八2. ninth 第九3. forty 四十4. twelfth 第十二5. twentieth 第二十 四、亲属称呼1. daughter ( 女儿 )2. niece ( 女性晚辈 )3. nephew ( 男性晚辈 )4. cousin ( 同辈兄弟姐妹 )5. aunt (女性长辈 )6. uncle (男性长辈 )五、 以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting) 允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意: quarrel, signal, travel 中的 l 可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)六、 部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作 “悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是 hung) -lain 躺下 lay-laid-laid 放置 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 16. wear( wore ; worn) 穿/戴19. keep (kept, kept )七、 意思相近的词 1. check (核对)/ examine (检查"test (测试)2. receive (收到) / accept (接受)3. destroy (毁坏;毁灭)/ damage (破坏)4. celebrate (庆祝 ” congratulate (祝贺)5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣八、 注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. long —length 长度2. wide —width 宽度3. high —height 高度4. strong — strength 力量九、以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick ,再加ing 或ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕 roof 7. lie -ied -lied 说谎;lie — lay-8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌12. spread (spread, spread) 传播14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 17. h old (held, held ) 18. m ake (made, made)44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战 46. character 性格(roofs ) 房顶4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿)等有生命的以-o 结尾的名词变复数时要加 十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化I. succeed — success 成功2. pronounce —pronunciation 发音3. explain —explanation 解释4. decide — decision 决定5. enter — entrance 进入6. permit — permission 允许7. consider —consideration 考虑8. expect — expectation 期待9. discover —discovery 发现10. bury —burial 埋葬 II. conclude —conclusion 得出结论 12. arrive —arrival 到达 13. weigh — weight 重量14. describe — description 描述 15. lose — loss 损失 16. anxious---anxiety 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful 美丽的 —beautifully2. possible 可能的 —possibly3. practical 实际的 — practically4. particular 特别的 — particularly5. successful 成功的 一successfully 十三、其它必背单词I. abroad 国外 2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 接受 )4. accident 事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的, accidentally adv. 偶然地 )5. achievement 成就 (achieve v. 获得 )6. address 地址7. admire 钦佩8. admit 承认 (admitted )9. agreement 协议 10. agriculture 农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的 ) industry 工业( industrial 工业的)II. altogether 总共 12. ancient 古代的 13. announce 宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知 )14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的, anxiously adv. 焦急地 )15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉 )16. appear 出现(appearanee 夕卜貌 n.) disappear 消失 /不见17. appreciate 感激/欣赏(感激人用thank sb ;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian (亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手20. astonish 吃惊 (astonishment n.吃惊,astonishing 令吃惊的,astonished 吃惊的) 21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere 气氛23. attempt 尝试 (n / v ) attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地 25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction 吸引力 ) 28. average 平均 / 平均的 on average 平均30. balance 平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify 美化32. believe 相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是 beliefs ) 33. beyond 超过34. biology 生物 35. birthday 生日36. bravery 勇敢 brave 勇敢的 bravely 勇敢地38. broadcast 广播 (broadcast ; broadcast;) careful 小心的 carefully 小心地 41. cinema 电影院 43. celebration 庆祝 n.-es 。

37.broad 宽阔的39. care 关心40. ceiling 天花板42. celebrate 庆祝47. charge 收费be charge of / take charge of 管理…48. comfort v. & n. 安慰comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv. 舒适地50. comment 评论51. communicate (vt)communication (n)交流52. competition 竞赛(compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition 情况(conditions 条件)57. concern 关心(vt)58. congratulations 祝贺(congratulate v.)59. constant 不断的constantly 不断地60. construction(建设)61. continue 继续62. contribution 贡献(contribute v.) make contributions to 对…做出贡献63. convenient (adj.)方便的conveniently 方便地64. conversation 谈话65. coughing 咳嗽66. cousin 表兄弟67. cruel 的(adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的(curiosity n. 好奇)69. culture(cultural 文化的adj.)70. customer 顾客72. custom 习俗73. destroy 毁灭(其过去式是destroyed) 74. declare 宣称75. delicious 美味76. damage 损坏77. determined 有决心的be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop 发展(development n. developing 发展中的,developed 发达的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记(dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点(复数differences) different 不同的differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed 失望的(disappointing 让人失望的) 83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现(复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)85. disturb 打扰86. dollar 美元(其复数是dollars)87. downstairs 楼下upstairs 楼上88. dream 梦想(其过去式是dreamed 或dreamt)89. electricity 电(electrical 电的,electric 电的)90. employ 雇用(employment n. employer 雇主,employee 雇员)91. empty 倒空(可用动词,其过去式是emptied)92. encourage 鼓励(encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy 能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal(平等的)equality 平等97. equipment 设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(重要的)100. European 欧洲人101. event 事件107. expert 专家102. excellent 极好(excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition 展览105. expense 耗费expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历(experienced 有经验的)an unusual experience 一次不同寻常的经历have much experience 经验丰富108. express (vt)表达expression (n)138. impress 印象impression (n.)109. fail v. 失败failure n. 失败fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with112. favorite 最喜爱的flexible 灵活的113. figure 人物/数字114. finger 手指115. flight 飞行116. forehead 前额117. foreign(外国的)118. fortunate 幸运的fortunately 幸运地unfortunately 不幸运地119. forward 向前120. freezing 极冷的(frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123.far 远的further 进一步的124. generally 大概generally speaking 一般来说125. geography 地理126. Germany 德国127. government 政府128. gradual 逐渐的gradually 逐渐地129. graduation 毕业(graduate from 毕业于) 130. grammar 语法131. habit习惯form a habit of 养成…习惯132. handkerchief 手绢)133. honest 诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力(imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately 马上(adv)139. incident 小事件140. including 包括(include v.)141 .independent 独立的142. industry 工业(industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息144. instrument 仪器145. institute 学院146. inspire 激励(inspiration n. inspiring 鼓舞人心的, inspired 受鼓舞的)147. interest 兴趣interesting 有兴趣的be interested in 对…感兴趣148. interrupt 打断150. introduce 介绍(introduction n.)151. regular 规则的irregular 不规则的152. journey 旅程153. judge 判断(judgment) judging from 根据… 来判断154. kindergarten 幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour 劳动157. late 迟的late1y 最近158. laugh 笑laughter 笑声159. law 法律lawyer 律师legal 合法的illegal 非法的160. library 图书馆librarian 图书馆理员161. lose 掉失,(lost ,lost)loss 损失n.162. luck 幸运lucky 幸运的luckily 幸运地163. magazine 杂志164. majority (大多数)166. man age 设法(ma nager 经理,man ageme nt 管理)man age to do 设法做至U .. 167. market(市场)supermarket 超市168. marriage 结婚(marry v. 结婚,married 已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料)171. mayor 市长172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义meaningful 有意义的173. measure 测量take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章(比较:model 模型metal 金属)175. memory 记忆力(memorize v. 记住,remember 记得)176. message 口信178. modern 现代的179. modest 谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder 谋杀(murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐musical 音乐的musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的(mystery 神秘)185. nationality 国籍(nation 国家,national 国家的)186. nature 自然natural 自然的)187. naughty 淘气的188.) normal 正常的190. necessary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守) break 违反192. obvious 明显的obviously 明显地193. offer 主动提供) offer to do sth 主动做某事194. operate 动手术operation 手术195. opportunity 机会(=chance)196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise(组织) organization 组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem 难题question 问题201. patience 耐心patient 耐心的;病人(patiently 耐心地)203. perfect 完美(的)(perfectly) Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧204. perform (表演) 205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可vt permission 许可n208. persuaded(说服)209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象(复数)210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员)212. poisonous 有毒的(poison) 213. political 政治的(politics)214. popular 受欢迎的215. population 人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性(possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫穷n (poor 贫穷的) 220. practice 实践practical (可实施的,实际的)221. prepare (准备)preparation 222. press 压/按pressure压力)223. pretend 假装pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress 进步make good progress 进步很大227. pronounce 发音pronunciation (n. 发音)228. provide 提供(比较:supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth 提供某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose 目的on purpose 故意地231. quality 质量/素质232. quantity (数量233. realize (实现vt) reality n. 现实234. receive 收到235. recently(最近= lately)236. recycle(循环再用) 237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候give my regards to sb 请带我向某人问候239. remind 提醒remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt. 重复(repetition n. 重复)241. respect 尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆244. satisfaction 满意(satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)246. Saturday(星期六)247. scientific 科学的248. scientific 科学的249. secretary秘书250. secretly (秘密地)251. separately 单独地252. separate 单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严重的(seriously) 254. serve (v) -service (n)服务255. shortcoming 缺点256. silence 安静(silent 安静的-silently 安静地)257. succeed (vi)成功success (n)成功successful (adj)成功的successfully (adv)Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事(=be successful to do sth)258. similar 类似的(similarity -ies 相似之处)259. situation 形势/情况260. slightly(稍微)261. society 社会(social adj. 社会的)262. southern(南方的)northern北方的western西方的eastern东方的263. special 特别的264. species 物种(单复数同形)265. spring 春天266. square 平方267. steal -stole --stolen(偷)268. straight(直的)269. suit 合适suitable 合适的270. support 支持/支撑support the family 养家糊口271. surprise 吃惊to one ' s surpi使某人吃惊的是be surprised at 对..感到吃惊272. surround 包围surrounding 周围的surroundings 环境273. swimming(游泳n.) 276. temperature 温度284. umbrella(雨伞)274. technique 技术(technical adj. 技术的) 275. technology 技术277. theory 理论in theory 理论上278. thirst 渴n thirsty 口渴的adj279. thorough 彻底的280. total 合计281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车282. translate 翻译translation 翻译translator 翻译家283. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)286. usual 平常的unusual 不寻常的unusually 不寻常地287. unwilling 不愿意(willing adj.愿意will n.意志)be willing to do 愿意做…290. vacation 假期(=holiday ) 291. various 各种各样的(variety n. 种类)292. victim 受害者293. victory 胜利294. vocabulary 词汇295. voyage 航行296. waste (浪费)It ' s a waste to do s做某事时一种浪费297. wealth 财富298. weather 天气whether 是否299. whisper 低语300. worship 崇拜。

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