PeriodFour Grammar—ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．以上几句中所使用的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。
2．现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/hasbeen＋过去分词。
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。
这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。
运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：1．构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/hasbeen＋过去分词。
2．各种句式3.使用的场合(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语sofar，bynow，uptill/tonow，since...，before...等连用。
Thousandsofmanmadesatellites havebeensentupinto space bymanycountries.许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。
Thedoctor hasn’tbeensentfor yet.还没有派人去请医生。
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。
Theimportantproblem hasbeendiscussed fornearlytwoweeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。
Howlong has themachine beenused?这台机器使用多久了？More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone.自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。
4．现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
Thebridge wasbuilt lastyear.这座桥是去年建成的。
Thebridge hasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。
(2)含有非延续性动词，如：borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
若要表达相应的意思，则须改换动词或时态。
这本书买了多长时间了？误Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?正Howlongago was thisbook bought?但这类动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式，则可与since 或for构成的时间状语连用。
Nobooks havebeenbought sincelastweek.自上周以来，没有人来买书。
(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
Itissaidthattheproblem hasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。
(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouses havebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.(5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
Wehavegivenhimthebook.→He hasbeengiventhebook.→Thebook hasbeengiventohim.(6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
原来用省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→They havebeentold tohelpyou.单句语法填空1．Fireextinguishers(灭火器)eafiree xtinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrained(train)todoso.(2018·天津)2．Sarahhasbeentold/wastold(tell) thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 3．Since 1958，they havebeenrecognised(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel.(2017·全国Ⅱ) 4．Inrecentyears，stresshasbeenregarded(regard) asacauseo fawholerangeofmedicalproblems.(2016·上海) 5．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreementhasbeenreached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015·天津)Ⅰ.用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子1．Jack’sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowor k.→Jack hasalwaysbeenpraisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontow ork. 2．Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage. →Agoodplace hasbeenfoundtobuildatempleinthevillage. 3．Wehaven’tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechno logicalproblem.→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemhasn’t beendecidedyet.4．Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.→Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou. 5．Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years.→Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillinthelast5years.Ⅱ.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents6.havebeenworking(work) inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake7.happened(happen)，manysoldiers8.havebeensent(send)there，andmanykindsofsupplies(物资供应) 9.havebeencarried(carry) therefromalloverthecountry.Now，mostpeoplethere10.live/areliving(live) ahappylifeagain.LiMing：Howabouttheschoolsthere?LinTao：Severalnewschools11.havebeenset(set) upandalsosomeschoolswhich12.weredamaged(damage)intheearthquake13.havebeenrebuilt(rebuild)．Soallthe studentscangobacktoschooltostudynow.LiMing：That’swonderful.I’msuretheirlifewillbebetterandbet ter.Whenwillyourparentscomeback?LinTao：Theywillbebacknextmonth.基础巩固Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Morethan100famousfilmshavebeenshown(show) inthecitysinceJuly.2．Uptonownoconclusion(结论) hasbeenreached(reach) aboutwhothefirstprizeshouldgoto. 3．Howmanycarshavebeenmade(make) inthefactorysince1990? 4．Threenewschoolshavebeenopened(open) inourcityinthepastfiveyears.5．It’sthefirsttimethattheoldcomputer hasbeenchecked (check) sinceIboughtit.6．Greatchangeshavetaken(take) placeinmyhometownandyoucanseethatalotoffactorieshave beenset(set) up. 7．—WillPetersoncometoourgraduationceremony(毕业典礼)?—It’sapity.He hasbeensent(send) toIndiaasavolunteerteacher.8．It’ssaidthatthebridge hasbeenclosed(close) forrepairsformonths.Ⅱ.完成句子9．Theboyshavebeentoldmanytimes(男孩们已经被多次告知) nottoswiminthatlake，butitdoesn’tmakeanydifference. 10．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmittedto/into FudanUniversity(已经被复旦大学录取) forhistopscoreinthemathscontest. 11．Withthehelpofhightechnology，moreandmorenewsubstances(物质) havebeendiscovered(已经被发现) inthepastyears. 12．Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholiday hasnotbeen decided(没有确定) yet.13．Though we don’t know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic hasbeenchanged(改变了)．14．People’shealth hasbeengreatlyaffected(受到了很大的影响) byair，noiseandwater.能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空Mydaughterhasbeensavingherbirthdaymoneyforalmost ninemonths.Shediditsothatshecould15aniPodtouchindepe ndently.Bythismorning，shehadsavedthe16amountneededandheadedtotheAppleStore inUtahwithmywife.Theyarrivedat1030am，not17thatthestorewouldbeclosedfrom11amto2pmtoday.Ast hey18thestore，twofriendlyApple19greetedthemandsaidthattheyweresorr y，buttheirstorewouldbeclosed.Mywife20mydaughterwhohadajarfullofcashinherarmsa nd21whytheywerethere.They22saidtheyweresorry，butcouldnotletthemin.Mywifeanddaughterwere23，butunderstoodandmadetheirwaytoanotherstoreinthemall.Aboutthreestoresdown，oneofthetwomen24themandsaidthatthemanagerwasgoingtom akea(n) 25andletthemin.Whentheywereletinthestore，theywerethe26customersintheplaceandeveryone27whatthe yweredoingtoservethem.28shetookallofthecashoutofthejar，acrewmemberstepped29tohelpherandsaid，“Ihavetotellyouthatthismademyday.”After30theiPod，mydaughterandwifewereontheirwayout；thestoremanager31hisvoiceandsaidtohiscrewmembers，“Everyone，pleaseuseyour32togivethegirlaroundofapplauseforsavin ghermoneyandbuyinganiPodtoday.”Mydaughterwascaughtalittleoffguardbyallofthe33an dwavedgoodbye，andthenleft.TheAppleStoreearneda34foreverbydoingthis .15．A.borrow B．affordC．find D．see答案 B解析由前句中“savingherbirthdaymoney”可知，作者的女儿想买iPodtouch。