中考英语现在完成时精讲精练语法精讲（一）定义现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

如：•I have already seen the film.•She has just had a bath.第一句说明看电影是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了，或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了，等等。

第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等。

（二）基本结构现在完成时的句子结构一般为：肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分•We have already had lunch.•He has been away for a week.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（三）主要用法1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。

如：•They have already come back from the museum.•She has already finished her homework.2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且有可能会继续持续下去。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词（如stay、keep、wait等）。

如：•I have lived here for ten years.•He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.3、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词often、always、seldom、never等，以及表次数的单词或短语（如once、twice、three times）。

如：•You have never listened to me like this before.•She has ever been to France.•They have visited the Summer Palace many times.（四）动词的过去分词1、规则变化其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同，主要是在词尾加-ed或-d。

具体的有：1）直接加-ed。

如：worked、played。

2）以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d。

如：lived、danced。

3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后改y为i，再加-ed。

如：studied、cried。

4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。

如：stopped、patted。

2、不规则变化如果结合动词的过去式，动词的过去分词的不规则变化中，又有一些相对的规则现象。

如：1）AAA型。

如：put put put；read read read。

其中，read的过去式和过去分词虽然拼写时一样的，但其发音与原形不同，ea不再读作[iː]，而是[e]。

2）ABB型。

如：k eep k ept k ept；s i t s a t s a t3）ABA型。

如：r u n r a n r u n；c o me c a me c o me4）ABC型。

如：l ie l ay l ain；dr i nk dr a nk dr u nk5）AAB型。

如：b eat b eat b eaten（五）标志性词语1、副词already、just、never、ever、yet等。

如：•She hasn't arrived in Scotland yet.•They have just left for Shanghai.2、for和since。

for+一段时间，since+具体时间。

如：•He has learned Italian for five months.•He has learned Italian since five months ago.3、so far和up to/till now。

表示“迄今为止”。

如：•So far, no one has heard any news about her.•She has read fifty books up to now.4、recently、lately等表示“最近；最新”的副词和形容词。

如：•I've met her on several occasions recently.•He hasn't had enough sleep lately.5、in the past/last+一段时间，表示“在过去的...时间里”。

如：•In the past few years, new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing. •He had aged rapidly in the last few months.6、次数。

如：•I've tried many times, but there's no way.•He has been there at least twice.（六）have been to/have gone to/have been in1、have been to表示“去过已回”。

句子主语就在现场。

如：•They have been to Rome many times.•She has been to Shanghai more than once.2、have gone to表示“去了未回”。

句子主语不在现场。

如：•Jerry has gone to Hangzhou.•Mary has gone to Finland.3、have been in表示“一直待在某地”。

如：•We have been in Beijing for five weeks.•They have been in China since 2012.同步练习题【典型考例1】（2019江苏南通）----Is everyone here, Jonathan?----No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.A.has fallen illB. has been illC. fell illD. was ill 【析】正确答案B。

句意是：乔纳森，人到齐了吗？老师，没有。

米莉缺席了。

她生病已经两天了。

Fall ill与be ill都表示“生病”，但fall ill为非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不可与段时间连用，须转换为be ill才可以，所以，正确答案为B。

【典型考例2】（2019广西玉林）---Jenny, your new tape player looks great.----Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it for three years.A.buyB.have hadC.boughtD.have bought 【析】正确答案：B。

句意是：詹妮，你的新随身听看上很不错啊！哦，它不是新的。

我已经买了3年了。

非延续性动词buy在现在完成时中，不可与段时间状语连用，因此，须转换为延续性同义动词have或own。

所以，正确答案为B 。

【强化练习】一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词。

1.（2019四川广安）I haven’t ________ (收到…来信) from Sally before.2.（2019浙江杭州）.I’m very hungry . I haven’t e_______ anything since 7:00 this morning3.（2019广西北部湾经济开发区）Bob and Jim have been good friends_______(自从)they joined the same tennis team.二、用所给单词的正确形式填空4.（2019山东青岛）The writer is so popular that he _______(sell) more than 200,000 books so far.5.（2019江苏连云港）---I____ (have a fever)since last night.---You’d better go to see a doctor.6.（2019江苏泰州）So far, the couple ___________ (not change) their flat since they had a second child.7.（2019甘肃兰州）Jim has never ________(be) to Mount Tai in China.8.（2019贵州安顺）Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ________(keep) it for 5 days.9.（2019湖北鄂州）Cathy and Linda ( not be) back to their hometown for two years.10.（2019江苏南通）----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?----Sure. I (finish)my DIY project.三、单项选择11.（2019山东临沂）Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.A. roseB. have risenC. rise12.（2019安徽）—It's ten years since we came here—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.A. workB. workedC. will workD. have worked13.（2019江苏泰州）---Have you ever been to Shanghai?---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.A. workedB. was workingC. would workD. have worked14.（2019湖北武汉）. I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.A. have enjoyedB. enjoyedC. enjoyD.had enjoyed15.（2019湖南郴州）---- Where is Mr. Green?---- He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been to16.（2019广东）My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.A. was workingB. is workingC. has workedD. will work17.（2019湖北襄阳）.---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?---Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip.A. have gone toB. have been toC. had gone toD. had been to18.（2019湖北随州）—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?—In July. I _____it for two weeks.A.hadB. have hadC. have boughtD. bought19.（2019江苏淮安）---Where are the teachers now?--- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.A. have begunB. have been onC. have hadD. have been held20.（2019湖北黄冈）---Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days.---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.A. has gone toB. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to21.（2019湖南长沙）I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.A．am livingB．livedC．have lived22.（2019四川眉山）---Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she there.A. been；will getB. been；getsC. gone；will getD. gone；gets23.（2019四川眉山）---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?--- In October. I it for two months.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought24.（2019福建）---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.----Wow, it looks very nice on you.A.is makingB.has madeC.will make25.（2019呼和浩特）The shop in Wanda Square _____ for six years, but I _____ there so far.A.has opened; haven’t goneB.has been open; haven’t beenC.has been open; haven’t goneD.has been opened; haven’t been26.（2019湖南湘潭）---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an ?----Yes. I went there last year.A.gone toB.been toC.been in27.（2019北京）Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. changesB. changedC. will changeD. has changed28.（2019湖北宜昌）----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years! ----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.A.is makingB.has madeC. makesD. made29.（2019贵州毕节）---How many letters you to your mother? --- 109 in all, since 2016.A. has, writtenB. have, writtenC. did, writeD. are, writing30.（2019湖南湘西）---_____ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai____Macao Bridge ?---Not yet.A.Did; visitB.Are; visitC.Have , visited31.（2019哈尔滨）---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.A.Have, been toB.Have, gone toC. Did, go to32.（2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔）As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone to33（2019四川广元）---How long have you__________ your cap? It looks cool.---About two weeks.A. borrowedB. boughtC. had34.（2019贵阳）Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.A.becomesB.becameC.has become35（2019贵州黔西南）----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother?----109in all, since 2016A.has, writtenB.have; writtenC.did; writeD.are ; writing四、完成句子36.（2019四川达州）China has been able to make big planes likeC919 with scientists’great effects.______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’great effects?37.（2019辽宁盘锦）布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了 The Browns have lived in Shanghai _______ 10 years ago.38.（辽宁铁岭）复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。