Grammar and Vocabulary Week 4Focus:✧Vocabulary:Word formation exercises✧English grammara.Historical presentb.NegationWord formation exercises40) hydrogen, oxygen, degenerative disorder, generator, gene-gen (produce; generate)41)pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, diagonal-gon (angle)42)contradict, contra-injection, contra-rotating, antibiotics, anticorrosioncontra- / anti- (against)43)intracellular, intracity, intra-atomic, introspectintra- / intro (inward)44)transmitted signals, green gas emissions, hospital admission, missile-mit-; -mis- (send)TransmettreMettre mis45)telecast, teleconference, telescopic,tele- (far; distant)46)posterior, postglacial, postmeridian, post-mortem, postscriptpost- (after)47)aerobatics, aerophotography, areomedical, aerodynamicsaero- (air; aviation)48)synchronizer, symbion, symphonic, asymmetry, synthesizersyn-/sym- (together)Symbionese Liberation Army49)euphemism, eulogy, euphoria, euthanasia, eugenicseu- (good; benign) mercy killing50)carnivore, herbivore, carnivorous, herbivorous, anthropophagic, xylophagous insects-vore; -vorous; -phagic; -phagous (eat; feed on)FelinesCanineCannibalDiminutive suffixesA somewhat smaller or less important version of something-ette: kitchenette,cigarette, novelette中篇小说, diskette essayette短散文, roomette小房间；卧车小包房, brunette浅黑肤色的女人, bachelorette未婚女子, towelette湿餐巾纸；小毛巾，statuette；-kin: manikin侏儒；时装模特, cannikin小杯；小罐，lambkin；Origin of the word Yankee: Jan—Jankee—Yankee—Dutch people living in New Amsterdam (Present-day New Y ork)—Americans living in the north—Americans as a whole.-ling: ducking, seedling秧苗，幼苗, siblings, princeling；-let: piglet, booklet, islet, leaflet;-y: piggy, kitty, maidy, puppy,-ish：brownish, reddish, blackish, sevenishOther Diminutive forms：clipped forms (as Jim, Tim, Tom, Sam) ；altered forms (as Peggy, Bill, Bob*How about Chinese diminutives?1.说出以下词语的汉语意义1) a classic performance classical music, classical Chinese2) a comic masterpiece comical behavior3)an economic miracle economical arrangement4) a historic site historical figure5)an electric motor electrical appliance1) a classic performance经典的/一流的演出classical music, classical Chinese 古典2) a comic masterpiece 喜剧名作comical behavior 滑稽的行为3)an economic miracle 经济奇迹economical arrangement节约的安排4)a historic site 历史遗迹（有历史意义的；历史上著名的）historical figure 历史人物（历史的；史学的；基于史实的）5)an electric motor 电动机（电的；电动的）6)electrical appliance电器；电气器具（电气设备有关电的；电气科学的）electric current; electrical current2.Put the following into Chinese1)He was the oldest and lorded it over the rest of us2)She used to queen it over the girls.3)He kings it over his colleagues.4)He then clerked it in a drugstore.5)You’ll cop it if mother catches you in the kitchen again.挨骂；受罚6)Sometimes a boxer dogs it.敷衍了事；躲避7)I cabbed it home yesterday. (taxi it, train it, etc)8)He has been roughing it in the woods this summer.因陋就简地生活9)As we feel that we had done the right thing we could brave it out.拼到底10)When things aren’t going well, he’ll just beat it.跑掉,走开,溜走11)You’ve hit it again.猜对了；说对了12)There’s some time before the train leaves. I think we shall make it if we hurry.赶上（车）；及时抵达13)The ambulance men had to elbow their way through the huge crowd standinground the crashed car.挤过14)The steamer nosed its way along the winding creek.探索着前进15)The soldier wormed his way toward the enemy’s line.匍匐前进16)He warmed his way into her affections.善待；对。

很好17)The train was snaking its way through the mountains.18)He picked his way across the rough and rocky hillside.小心行路19)The ship ploughed her way through the huge waves.艰难地前行20)The blind man groped (felt) his way to the door.摸索前进Squeeze one’s way, fight one’s way, shoot one’s way, force one’s way, beat one’s way偷乘车, dig one’s way, etc.将以下新闻标题译成英语1．深圳摧毁26个地下钱庄涉案金额超127亿2．国民党完成5地市长候选人提名民进党定4地人选3．河南坐11年冤狱村民称遭刑讯逼供公检法道歉4．穗数万集体户口不能结婚5．汶川地震灾区有望提前实现恢复重建目标6．公安部教育部要求严打严防校园安全事件7．陕西男子闯入幼儿园砍死9人后自杀8．利比亚一架客机坠毁103人遇难9．朝鲜媒体称朝成功开发核聚变技术100%自主研发10．英国首相布朗辞职保守党卡梅伦接任11．媒体称俄轰炸机沿日本周边飞行日出动战机监视12．泰国官员称不再与红衫军谈判取消年底大选提议13．俄矿难遇难人数升至60人尚有30人被埋井下14．希拉里称巴基斯坦部分官员已获知拉登藏匿1．深圳摧毁26个地下钱庄涉案金额超127亿Illegal banks outlawed in Shenzhen// Secret banks destroyed in Shenzhen2．国民党完成5地市长候选人提名民进党定4地人选KMT would-be mayors named, DPP yet to choose last candidate3．河南坐11年冤狱村民称遭刑讯逼供公检法道歉Innocent jailed for 11 years4．穗数万集体户口不能结婚Sharers of collective residence permits denied marriage licenses5．汶川地震灾区有望提前实现恢复重建目标Wenchuan—Quake reconstruction ahead of scheduleWehchuan—Reconstruction to be accomplished ahead of schedule6．公安部教育部要求严打严防校园安全事件School security to be tightened7．陕西男子闯入幼儿园砍死9人后自杀9 kids killed in kindergarten attack8．利比亚一架客机坠毁103人遇难Air crash in Libya, 103 victims9．朝鲜媒体称朝成功开发核聚变技术100%自主研发DPRK claims success with nuke fusion10．英国首相布朗辞职保守党卡梅伦接任Cameron succeeds Brown as PM11．媒体称俄轰炸机沿日本周边飞行日出动战机监视Russian bomber cuts into Japanese airspace12．泰国官员称不再与红衫军谈判取消年底大选提议Thai officials: no more talks with Red Shirts13．俄矿难遇难人数升至60人尚有30人被埋井下60 die in Russian mine disaster, 30 still missing // Death toll hits 60 in Russian mine disaster14．希拉里称巴基斯坦部分官员已获知拉登藏匿Hilary Clinton: Laden’s whereabouts known to Pakistani officialsNegation in EnglishA．The focus of negation?1) 全部否定1.Nothing is further away from the truth than this.2.I have answered every single question, but my opponent has answered none.2) 部分否定3．All this is not necessary. ( 比较：All this is unnecessary.)2.All these metals are not good conductors. (比较：None of these metals are goodconductors.)3.Both these instruments are not precision ones. (比较：Neither of the instruments is aprecision one)4.I don’t remember a ll their names. (比较：I remember none of their names.)3) 转移否定5.I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision.6.It is not our view that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning willcontribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East.4) 否定范围：从否定词开始有时可以一直延伸到句末：被否定的时机上是主语补足语或是状语（从句）7.They did not part good friends.8.We haven’t called the meeting to discuss this question.9.He didn’t buy the book because he needed it.10.The Nazis had not instantly withdrawn from Africa or Sicily merely because ofthreat to their rear.11.They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest, but tobenefit man.B. 否定含义的判别某些动词具有消极方面的词汇意义，也属于否定含义的范围如deny, neglect, fail to, refuse to, exclude, miss, overlook, ignore, lack, keep from protect, save等12.It is one of the most barbarous customs in the world, considering us as a civilized and aChristian country, that we deny the advantage of learning to women.13.He fails to make the reader understand the verse, let alone enjoy it and delight in it.16．The manager told the shop-assistant to work on stock if she lacked a customer.2)某些抽象名词，如absence, ignorance, exclusion17．The almost absence of any US sway with the parties directly involved in such a dangerous situation is sobering to say the least.18．has caused many people to throw grammar aside.The teaching of grammatical rules fails to ensure the correctness of expression. This has caused many people to throw grammar aside.2) 某些形容词，如little, few, absent, short of , free of/from, far from, safe from, inferior to 19. Little is known at present about this oil field.20．It is very important that a drawing be free from ambiguities and be subject only to a single interpretation.21．Jane Austin was worried that Emma“might appear inferior in wit” to Pride and Prejudice.22．Far from admiring his paintings I disliked them intensely.3)某些介词，如below, beyond, above, off, past, beneath, behind, minus, within, but, against,instead of, out of, but for, in defect of23. Copies always fall below their original.24. He is above meanness and deceit.25．Mr. Shultz on Wednesday reiterated the administration’s counterargument that the defenses were still needed as insurance against cheating.5) 某些副词，如hardly, seldom, barely, rarely, scarcely, little, few26. Now, I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Franklin, Darwin and Mozartbecause they strikingly illustrate a profound psychological truth the significance of which can scarcely be overestimated.6) 某些特定的词组搭配，如(have) yet to, too.. to, rather than, more than27．Japan has begun offering HDTV (high-definition television) on a limited basis, and some European countries will start within two years. The United States, yet to choose an official HDTV system, may lag slightly behind.28．Six months after the invasion, they have yet to establish themselves as anything approaching the masters of all they survey.。