Book 4UNIT11.only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
（把be动词/情态动词/助动词提前到主语前面）only+状语+助V+主语+其他① I realized that I was wrong only then.☞ Only then did I realize that I was wrong.② You can learn English well only in this way.☞ Only in this way can you learn English well.③ We will achieve success only when we work hard.☞ Only when you work hard will you achieve success.2.spend、pay、cost、take 表“花费”sb+spend+time/money+(in)doing sth/on sthsb+pay+money+for sthIt+cost(sb)+money+to do sth sth +cost+ sb+moneyIt+take(sb)+time+to do stheg:①读这本书花了他两天的时间。
He spent two days ( in ) reading this book.= It took him two days to read this book.②买这辆车花了他20万元。
He spent 200,000 on thiis car.= He paid 200,000 yuan for the car.3.lead a(+adj.) life 过着...的生活lead a quiet/simple/happy life4.look down upon/on... 鄙视...瞧不起...eg：我们不应该瞧不起残疾人。
We shouldn’t look down upon / on the disable .5.by chance= by accident 碰巧，偶然地eg: 我偶然找到了那本丢失了的书。
I found the lost book by chance.come across... 偶然碰到（某人），偶然发现（某物）eg：我今天早上在街上遇到了一个老朋友。
I came across an old friend on the street this morning.6.carry on (sth) 继续；坚持eg：在他死了之后，他的孩子肯定会坚持他的梦想的。
After his death , his children will certainly carry on his dream.carry out 履行，执行，实行eg：你必须实履行你的承诺，要不然的话没人会相信你。
You must carry out your promise, or no one will believe you.7.intend to do sth 打算做某事eg：我打算赶上早班车，但我没有及时起床。
I intented to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time.be intended for sb 为...而准备，专供...使用eg：这张椅子是为你准备的，但她拿走了。
The chair was intended for you, butshe took it away.8.devote oneself/one’s life to(doing) sth= be devoted to (doing) sth 奉献于...，献身于...，致力于...devoted adj. 奉献的，忠诚的 devotion n.奉献eg：这个医生致力于研究疾病。
The doctor devoted himself to studying sickness.= The doctor was devoted to studying sickness.9.connect...with... 把...和...联系起来eg：我们应该把学习和思考联系起来。
We should connect learning with thinking.10.值得做某事Sth. Be (well) worth +doing [worth形容词，值得的、值（多少）]Sth. be worthy + of being done/ to be done/ of sth [worthy表被动]It is worthwhile + to do sth./doing sth [worthwhile形容词，值得的] eg：这本书值得一谈。
The book is worth reading.= The book is worthy of being read.= The book is worthy to be read.= It is worthwhile to read the book.11.argue with sb. About sth. 同某人辩论某事eg：他正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法。
He is arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.12. crowd n.人群 v. 拥挤 crowd in 涌入eg：门打开了，所有人都涌进来了。
The door opened and all the people crowded in.13. refer...to...(referred, referring)1）提及，谈到，指的是 2）指的是，与...有关 3）参考，查阅eg：会议上提到他的名字。
His name was referred to at the meeting.reference n.参考UNIT21.born...过去分词作状语，与主语之间为被动关系。
eg：钟南山1941年5月1日出生在广州，他是中国最伟大的医生之一。
Born in Guangzhou on May 1,1941,Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest doctors in Chain.2.thanks to sb/sth 多亏，由于=because of...eg：多亏你的帮助，我按时完成了任务。
Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time.3.rid A of B 使A摆脱/除去Bget rid of... 摆脱/除去...eg：你应该改掉坏习惯。
You should rid yourself of the bad habbits. = You should get rid of the bad habbits.4.英语中的倍数表达法：（1）（n-1）倍 + 比较级 + than...（2）倍数 + as + 原级 + as..（3）倍数 + the + 名词 + of...（n：size大小，length长度，width宽度，height高度，weight重量）Once \twice \ three timeseg：这条鱼是那条鱼的四倍大。
This fish is three times bigger than that one.= This fish is four times as big as that one.= This fish is four times the size of that one.5.be satisfied with... 对...感到满意eg：她对自己的所得从不感到满足。
She is never satisfied with what she has got.6.satisfy vt. 使满意 satisfied adj. 感到满意的（sb）satisfying adj. 令人满意的(sth) = satisfactory（常用）satisfaction n. 满意to one’s satisfation 让某人满意的是eg：让我满意的是，他的行为很令人满意。
To my satisfaction , his behaviour is satisfactory.7.care about 在乎，在意eg：我不在乎别人说什么。
I don’t care what others say.8.therefore adv. 因此，所以（可与and 同时使用）so conj(连词) 因此，所以（不可与and同时使用）eg：天下雨，足球赛因此而延期了。
It rained and therefore the football match was put off.9.confuse vt. 1）使迷惑 2）混淆confused adj. 感到迷惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的 confusion n. 迷惑，混淆be confused about.... 对...感到迷惑eg：我对这个令人迷惑的问题感到迷惑。
I am confused about the confusing question.10.would rather+（not）do sth 宁愿（没）做...eg：我宁愿现在在乡村里工作。
I’d rather work in the countryside now.would rather + (not) have done sth 宁愿过去（没）做了....（而实际未做）（虚拟语气）eg：我宁愿昨晚呆在家里。
I would rather have stayed at home last night.would rather...than... 宁愿...而不...eg：我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去电影院。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.11 .regret v. 1)后悔 2）遗憾regret + doing sth 后悔做过某事（常用 having done）regret + to do sth 遗憾要做某事eg：我后悔以前浪费了太多时间。
I regret having wasted too much time before.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能去你的生日派对。
I regret to tell you I can’t come to your birthday party.12.It做形式宾语形式：主+谓v+it +adj./n.+(for sb) to do+that(从句)eg：我认为对于我们来说学好英语很重要。