一、基本图形三角形：triangle 矩形：rectangle 正方形：square 平行四边形：parallelogram 梯形：tapezoid 菱形：rhombus 圆：circle 四边形：quadrilateral 二、基本立体图形正方体：cube 长方体：rectangular prism 圆柱体：right circular cyclinder 圆锥体：right circular cone 球体：sphere 三、基本计算量长度：length 面积：area 体积（容积）：volume 周长：perimeter 表面积：surface area 底面积：base area 四、有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集五、有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer，odd number 奇数even integer，even number 偶数integer，whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number，rational number 实数，有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数eg. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number 质数eg.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数（last）common multiple （最小）公约数（prime）factor （质）因子ordinary csale，decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比六、数列arithmetic progression （sequence）等差数列geometric progression（sequence）等比数列七、其它approximate 近似（anti）clockwise （逆）顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数directproportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计，近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位，位八、其它几何1、所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplement aryangles 补角complement aryangle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2、所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3、有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4、其它平面图形arc 弧line，straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5、有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid / regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6、有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference，perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cros section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分器diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex （复数形式vertices）顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7、有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8、其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的基本数学词汇：加：plus / and / positive 减：minus / negative / subtract 差：difference 乘：multiplied by / times 乘方:power 积：product 除：divided by divisible 可被整除的dividedevenly 被整除dividend 被除数商：quotient 余数：remainder 阶乘：factorial 等于：equal 不等于：not equal to 大于：greater than 小于:less than 大于等于：equal or greater than 小于等于：equal or less than 约等于：approximate equal round to / to the nearest 四舍五入因为：because 所以：therefore 开平方：square root of 开立方：cube root of radical sign，root sign 根号绝对值：the absolute value 函数：function 图形：figure 角：angle 直角：right angle 锐角：acute angle 对折：fold 分数：fraction X-轴：X-axes Y-轴：Y-axes 其它sequence 次序geometric 几何的integer 整数ratio 比例英语奥数题1、Did you know? In the decimal number system (base 10) ten different digits, 0 to 9, are used to write all the numbers. In the binary number system (base 2) two different digits are used, i.e. 0 and 1. Which one of the following numbers is not a valid number in the octal number system (base 8)? A) 128 B) 127 C) 126 D) 125 E) 1242、The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a regular polygon with twenty sides (cosign) is_____.3、If a and b are integers, 10@3=1,152@7=3 and then 379@6 is equal to_____.4、Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. When 4 is added to each number the ratio changes to 5 : 7.The sum of the two original numbers is____.5、The greatest number of Mondays which can occur in 45 consecutive days is____6、Saul plays a video game in which he scores 4 for a hit and lost 6 for a miss. After 20 rounds his score is 30. The number of times he has missed is____.7、Three girls A, B and C run in a 100 m race. When A finishes, B is 10 m behind A and when B finishes C is 20 m behind B. How far in metres was C from A when A finished?(Let’s assume all the athletes run at a constant speed)8、The areas of the faces of a rectangulabox are 84 cm2 , 70 cm2and 30 cm2.Thevolume of the box in cm3 is____.9、You have 3 weights: 1 kg, 3 kg and 9 kg as well as an equal arm balance, as shown. How many different weight objects can you weigh with these three? [Remember the weights may be placed on either side]参考答案：1、A 考察我们学过的简单的进制问题，显然8进制中没有8出现2、170 找规律，公式为n×（n-3）÷23、1 定义新运算，就是求379÷6的余数。