主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement）主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致，内容一致，就近一致.今天着重计解语法一致的原则。
主谓关系通常受三大原则支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则以及就近原则。
一、语法一致原则即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like（象),but （除了）,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than（而不是),including, in addition to 引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
Air as well as water _________(be) matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants___________(be) late for the dinner.2.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。
The poet and writer___________ (come). 那位诗人兼作家来了。
（一个人）A hammer and a saw _________ (be) useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。
（两样物）注意：and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如:bread and butter（黄油抹面包）等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
His knife and fork __________ (be) left on the table, with his breakfast untouched.3.不定式（短语）,动名词（短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Serving the people __________ (be) my great happiness.When we’l l go out for an outing____________ ( decide).4.用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl__________ ( like) to go swimming.No teacher and no student __________ (be)absent from the meeting.5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数；复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of us __________ ( have)something to say.6.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数More than one student __________ (be) late.7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。
None of this __________ (worry ) me.8.名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。
His clothes __________ (be) good.但这些名词前若出现a pair of, 谓语一般用单数。
A pair of glasses _________ (be) on the desk.9.形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Arabian Nights _________ (be) very popular with teenagers.10. “a +名词+and a half", “one and a half + 名词”,“the number of + 名词” 等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
Only one and a half apples _________ ( leave) on the table.二、意义一致原则“意义一致”原则是指主语和谓语在单复数意义上保持一致。
也就是说，有时主语名词在语法形式上虽然是单数,却有着复数意义,其后的谓语动词便用复数,反之亦如此。
1.表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语。
The police __________(not arrive) yet.2. 有些集体名词family, class, group, enemy, team, club, company等作主语，若作“整体”看，谓语用单数；若视为其中的成员时用复数。
His family __________( move) to Shanghai.His family __________(be)all fond of music.3. who, what, which, all, more, most, some, half, none, the rest等作主语,谓语动词视情况定。
Who __________(be) a doctor? Who __________(be) league members?4. 表示时间,距离,重量,数字,金额等的复数名词作“整体”看时;表示“运算”的数词,谓语动词用单数。
Ten years ________(be) not a long time. Six hundred dollars________(be) quite enough. 5. 以s结尾的学科名词politics, maths等及news, works, means属“形复意单”名词，另书报名，国名等复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
Physics__________( seem) to be difficult for me.The United States __________(be) a developed country.This works was built in the 1960s.6.A number of /a variety of +f复数名词,the +形容词指“一类人”时作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of+复数名词,the +形容词指抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词视情况定。
There ___________(be) a variety of toys in this shop.The variety of goods in this shop ___________(be) rich.三、就近原则“就近原则”是指在有些情况下，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语词语的单复数形式。
1. 由or, nor, either...or ;neither...nor; not only...but also; not ...but; whether...or等连接的主语,与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or she ___________(be) young.Neither he or you __________( finish) the task.2.由there ,here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个词保持一致。
Where________(be) your teacher and classmates?Here _________(be) some envelopes and paper.3. 在倒装句中, 与最后一个主语一致。
South of the city is a large stadium.In front of the girl are some flowers.以上三大原则，在运用过程中，往往受到语言习惯和语体、语域的制约，因此在判断主谓关系时，要在这些原则的指导下，具体分析，准确选择。
主谓一致练习1. But I know the government ________ his invention.A. think highlyB. speak high ofC. sing highlyD. thinks highly of2. She is the only one among the ________ writers who ________ stories for children.A. woman…writesB. women…writesC. women…writeD. woman…write3. The professor, together with his son, _________ Lanzhou _________ Beijing.A. have left …forB. has left…forC. have left …toD. has left …to.4. Nobody but Sam and John __________ in the laboratory.A. areB. had beenC. wereD. is5. My family _________ having supper when suddenly the bell rang.A. isB. wasC. areD. were.6. The singer and dancer _________ come to our school.A. haveB. hasC. wereD. was.7. A number of children _________ for the teacher to come now.A. is waitingB. are waitingC. waitsD. waited8. The wounded __________ to the hospital at once.A. were sentB. were sendC. is sentD. was send9. More than one person ________ late for class this morning.A. areB. wasC. isD. were10. The cattle _______ grazing on the grass.A. wereB. wasC. beD. is11. The students each _____ a dictionary now.A. hasB. haveC. has gotD. had got12. Many a child _____ lost their parents.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are13. Steam and ice _____ different forms of water.A. isB. areC. wasD. were14. Every desk and every chair _____ made of wood.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15. _____ not only you but also he going to Beijing?A. AreB. IsC. WereD. Was16. The manager or his secretary _____ to give you an interview.A. isB. areC. wereD. have17. Mary is one of the girls who _____ often late for school.A. isB. areC. comesD. get18. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ often late for school.A. isB. areC. comesD. get19. The United Nations _____ an organization of independent countries.A. isB. areC. wasD. were20. Every means _____ been tried.A. haveB. hasC. isD. were21. Two hours _____ not long enough for this test.A. isB. areC. hasD. have22. One dollar and eighty-seven cents _____ all Della had.A. isB. wasC. areD. were23. Where _____ my glasses?A. isB. areC. wasD. were24. The Chinese _____ brave and hardworking.A. isB. areC. beD. being25. The rich _____ always happy.A. isB. areC. is notD. are not26. His Selected Poems first published in 1965.A. wereB. wasC. has beenD. have been27.Twenty dollars enough for the coat.A. isB. areC. hasD. have28.Learning about Travel News and Sports News in China Daily his great interest.A. isB. areC. causeD. gives29.His family very big and all of his family music.A. are;1oveB.are;1ovesC. is; haveD.is;1oves30.It Jack and Frank who been murdered.A. are; haveB. is; areC. is; haveD. is; has31.Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.A. isB. have beenC. wasD. were32.The poor woman with her two children in a street corner.A. was seen begB. were seen begC. was seen beggingD. were seen begging33.—Is there anybody in the classroom?—No, the teacher as well as the students to the playground.A. goB. wentC. has goneD. have gone34.Three-fourths of the land by forest and grass．A. has coveredB. has been coveredC. have been coveredD. are to be covered35.—Have you heard about the new school?—No, when and where to build the new oneA. is not decidedB. aren’t decidedC. haven’t been decidedD. has not decided36.E-mail,as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. was playingD. play37.Not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are38.The worker and poet to the party the other day．A. is invitedB. was invitedC. had invitedD. invited39.There a driver and a number of broken wine bottles beside the high way when thepolice arrived.A. wereB. wasC. had beenD. would be40. Books of this kind well.A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold41.Three fifths of the cattle sold abroad in the city.A. hasB. has beenC. haveD. have been42.Three-quarters of the land covered with green grass while the rest _______covered with pine trees.A. is; isB. is; areC. are; isD. are; are43.Three million tons of coal in this district every year.A. is exploitedB. are exploitedC. has exploitedD. have exploited44. I, not you,___ in the wrong. Not I but he ___ been invited.A. were; haveB. were; hasC. was; hasD. was; have45. Every boy and every girl that each day and each hour brings duty.A. know; theirB. knows; theirC. knows; itsD. know; its主谓一致keys:一 1. is; was 2. has come; are; was 3. is; is/has been decided 4. likes; was5. has6. was7. worries8. are9. is 10. was left二 1.haven't arrived 2. has moved; are 3. is; are 4. is; is 5. seems; is 6.are;is三 1. is; have finished 2. is; are1~20: DBBDD BBABA BABAA ABAAB21~40: ABBBD BACCC ACCBA AABBA 41-45 DAACC。