1.现在完成时的构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的用法：（1）表示某一动作或状态开始于过去并持续到现在现在。

（此种用法适用于延续性动词）I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.我在南阳大约有五年了。

（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。

I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。

3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never, recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。

Eg.On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success. The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词的各种时态（包括现在完成时在内）不能和时间段连用，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。

注意：短暂动词若用于否定句则可与一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我好久不见他了。

5.常见短暂动词转换成延续性动词的形式如下：get lost --- be lost get / fall ill --- be ill get in touch with --- be/keep in touch with get to --- be in / at get into --- be in get into trouble --- be in trouble get out of --- be out of reach --- be in / at arrive at / in --- be at / in get up --- be upget married to sb.---be married to sb.marry sb. --- be married to sb.fall in love with sb. --- be in love with sb.fall asleep ---be asleep make friends --- be friendsbuy/get/receive --- have go / come to --- be in / atgo out --- be out go there --- be therego abroad --- be abroad go to sleep --- sleepgo to bed --- be in bed finish --- be overgo to school --- be a student, be at schoolmeet --- be together wake up --- be awakeget to know --- know begin --- be oncatch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keepdie ---be dead leave --- be away (from)close --- be closed open --- be openjoin --- be a member of / be injoin the Party --- be a Party member, be a member of the Party, be in the Partyjoin the army --- be a soldier, be in the armybecome / get / fall + adj. or n. --- be + adj. or n.become a teacher --- be a teachercome back / get back / return --- be backput on --- wear / be dressed in stand up --- standsit down --- sit lie down --- liegraduate = leave school --- be away from schoolNotice: 凡是含有become , fall, go, get, join 等的短语及其本身大都是短暂动词，它们的各种时态通常都不与一段时间相连用，把它们转化成延续性动词的方法一般是把含有这些词的短语变成含有连系动词动词be有关的短语。

6.三个特殊现在完成时短语的用法区别have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地但现在已经回来，可以和次数相连用但不能和一段时间相连用。

She has been to Cuba many times. 他去过古巴好多次了。

have / has gone to 表示已经到某地去了，到现在还没有回来，它既不能和次数相连用也不能和一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. Where has he gone?我好久不见他了。

他到哪去了？have / has been in 表示在某地，它不能和次数相连用但可以和一段时间相连用。

She has been in Cuba for a long time. 她在古巴有好长一段时间了。

一、用since 或for 填空。

（共15 分，每小题1.5分）1.His father has been dead ______ he was ten years old.2.He has been away from the army ______ six years.3.He has been in Beijing ______ 2003.4.He has had a car ______ two months.5.He has kept the book ______ the day before yesterday.6.(1)Kate has had a new bike ______ two days.(2)Kate has had a new bike ______ two days ago.7.(1)Ann has kept in touch with Jane ______ seven years ago.(2)Ann has kept in touch with Jane ______ seven years.8.My uncle has been in the party ______ last year.9.My uncle has been a member of the Party ______ one year.10.It has been ten years ______ we met last time.二、单项选择。

（共60 分，每小题2 分）1.Lucy and Lily ______ China for 5 years.A.has been inB.have been inC.have been toD.have gone to2.---Oh, you’re late again. The film ______ for twenty minutes.---What a pity!A.has begunB.beganC.has been onD.have been on3.I must go home now. I have been away from home ______.A.since 9 o’clockB.for two hours agoC.for 9 o’clockD.at 9 o’clock4.---My grandpa ______ for seven years.---I’m sorry to hear that.A.diedB.deadC.has been deadD.has died5.---Mrs. Green, your hat looks nice. Is it new?---No, I ______ it for two months.A.have hadB.have boughtC.boughtD.had6.Mrs. King has ______ for over 3 years.A.gone go to abroadB.been to abroadC.gone abroadD.been abroad7.You ______ my bike for two days. Could you please return it to me soon?A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.borrowed8.---Do you know her well?---Sure, we ______ friends since ten years ago.A.wereB.have madeC.have beenD.have become9.Maria ______ this pair of shoes for about six years. It’s too old to wear.A.has boughtB.has hadC.boughtD.had10.Uncle Chen ______ Shanghai for five years.A.has gone toB.has gone toC.wentD.has been in11.I have a nice watch. I have had it ______ 2 months.A.sinceB.inC.forD.after12.The fisherman ______ at the bank of the river ______ 8 o’clock.A.has been; forB.has come; atC.has been; sinceD.came; since13.Mr. Li _______ England. He ______ London for two weeks.A.has been to; has been toB.has gone to; has been inC.has been to; has been inD.has gone to; has been to14.---How long have you _______ watch? It looks new.---Only about three weeks.A.hadB.boughtC.receivedD.borrowed15.---The missing boy hasn’t been found yet?---Yeah, he ______ since three months ago.A.lostB.has been lostC.lost himselfD.has lost himself16.Mr. Li has ______ for a whole week.A.got illB.been illC.gotten illD.fallen ill17.I have ______ in touch with my old friend, Li Ming for a number of years.A.beenB.keptC.A and BD.gotten18.---Mr. Wilson ______ Wuhan International Airport for half anhour.---Hasn’t he? I must pick him up right now.A.has gotten toB.has got toC.has been atD.has been in19.---I have ______ the train station for two hours and a half.---I’m so sorry for having you wait for so long.A.reachedB.arrived atC.been inD.been at20.Have you ______ since the big fire happened?A.gotten upB.been upC.got upD.get up21.Ann has ______ married ______ Kris for over nine years.A.gotten, toB.gotten, withC.been, toD.been, with22.Ann has ______ in love ______ Kris for almost ten years.A.been, withB.been, toC.fallen, toD.fallen, with23.---Is your father still in Italy?---No, he has ______ for about half a month.e backB.got backC.returnedD.been back24.---How long have you ______ this new coat?---For about three days.A.put onB.been onC.putted onD.worn25.I’m sorry for having you ______ here for so long.A.stand upB.to stand upC.standD.to stand26.Sheila has ______ on the sofa watching TV for four hours.A.sittedB.sitedC.sat downD.sat27.Elliont has ______ on the bed for the whole morning.inB.liedy downD.lied down28.---I telephoned you last night. But no one answered.---Oh, I ______ for the whole night.A.were outB.went outC.have been outD.have gone out29.---Have you met your uncle? I hear he is also in Nanjing.---Yes. We ______ for nearly a week.A.have metB.have togetherC.have been togetherD.met30.---Where is Mr. Smith?---He has ______ for half an hour.A.gone to sleepB.been sleepC.gone sleepingD.slept三、句型转换。