英国概况1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island inthe world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe,with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part ofthe territory of the state known as the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded byover 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets.或者回答British mainland western Europe from GreatBritain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands，She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west,up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and theEuropean continent, separated only by a strip of water,the English Channel3, 英国首都：London4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empireⅡAnglo-Saxon Conquest ；the late 8th century,Scandinavia, created a certain cultural dividebetween northerners and southerners in EnglandⅢNorman Conquest ；1066, Normans, Williamtook the English throne, and became William theFirst4, 英国主要河流：River Thames泰晤士河River Severn塞文河8，政府组成部分：Monarch，Parliament，Cabinet君主制时间：5th century AD君主的职能：Presided over the opening of parliament , Order in Council approved the signed of an Act of Parliament and meet the Prime Minister and the Queen stands for the British in the world . Such as receiving foreign ambassadors and high commissioners, receiving visiting heads of state, and and accessing overseas countries , the United Kingdom and other countries to support diplomatic and economic rerelations.君主现处地位：皇宫：Buckingham Palace现代君主：Elizabeth II9，议会历史：Magna Carta组成部分：Queen\King ,house of lords , house of commons如何成为两院的议员：To be house of lords: appointed by theQueen\KingTo be house of commons: general election 主要职能：pass the law10，内阁首脑：Minister成员：the members of parliament职能：to persuade parliament to pass laws and vote for taxes\carry out the functions of policy-making11，英国普选对象：voters and candidates选举人：候选人：成为首相的人选：the leader of the governing party主要执政党派：the conservation party \the labour party现任英国的执政党：the labour party如何成为执政党：The party wins the majority seats in the house of commons12，英国经济工业革命之父：瓦特（James Watt）发明：蒸汽机（steam engine）13，英国的教育3个阶段：primary education，secondary education，higher education 2大分支：public education，private education大学教育中的学位：bachelors degree，doctor degree，master degree14，英国文学：1．英语发展的三个阶段:①Old English(6th—11th):the anglo-saxon language②Middle English(11th--15th):the combination of English and French③Modern English(15th—now)2.英国最早的一部作品及内容：Beowulf3.英国第一个诗人及其代表作：诗人：Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟).代表作：The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集)4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作①William Shakespeare:悲剧Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,Romeo and Juliet喜剧Twelfth Night, The Tempest,A Midsummer Night’s Dream,The Taming Of The Shrew②Christopher Marlowe : The Tragical History of DR Faustu5.弥尔顿的三部曲：Paradise Lost , Paradise Regained, SamsonAgonistes15，英国媒体最早的报纸：The Observer报纸分为那两类：broadsheets(quality press)\tabloid(gutter press)BBC的含义：The British Broadcasting Corporation16，英国的节日圣诞节的含义：to commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ感恩节的含义：to commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ美国概况：1，名称：the United States of America2，地理位置(geographical position)：The country is situated mostly in central North America , and lies between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean , bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. 4，临国(neighboring countries): Canada, Mexico.5，主要河流(major rivers)：The Mississippi River ,the Colorado River ,the Columbia River , the Yukon River ,the Missouri River6，五大湖(Great Lakes)：Lake Superior ,Lake Michigan ,Lake Huron ,Lake Erie ,Lake Ontario.7，首都：Washington D.C8，独立战争（American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence）：1、双方：It began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America , and ended in a global war between several European great powers.2、领导者：George Washington.3、起止时间：Sep 19,1775---Sep 3,17839，独立宣言（United States Declaration of Independence）：1、起草者(drafter)：Thomas Jefferson2、时间：July 4,17763，被通过的时间：4th July,17764，主要内容：We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.10，美国的政治体制三权分立：Legislative Branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states, and is only branch that can make federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. 立法机构所属机构为参议院（the Senate）和众议院（the House of Representative）；the Executive branch的所属机构有president, vice-president, cabinet and 13 departments.The Judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution.职能：Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution; laws and treaties of the United States ; maritime cases;issues involving foreign citizens or governments; and cases in which the federal government itself is a party.三权分立的核心：checks and balances联邦条款：Articles of Confederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的美国第一部宪法性文件，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政府的职能。