诸城一中慈海复读学校英语学科模拟题　2020.3英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

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第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题 2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ASome of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety ofcontributions.Our listfields in science.Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men’ｓof the most famous female scientists below are organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.Marie Curie(1867-1934)Famous For:Work on radioactivityMarie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry.She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X-rays.Jane Goodall(1934)Famous For:Primate(灵长类)studiesJaneGoodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates.She is considered as the topexpert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her45-year study on the social lives of theseanimals in Tanzania.Rita Levi-Montalcini(1909-2012)Famous For:Nerve growth studiesRita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist(神经病学家)who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in1986for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor(NGF).She was the first Nobel prize winner to live past her100th birthday.Lise Meitner(1878-1968)Famous For:Work on radioactivity and nuclear physicsLise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission(裂变).One of her colleagues,Ottoget the award is considered to be a huge error by Hahn,was given the Noble Prize for this work.That Meitner didn’ｔthe Nobel committee.1.Who is still contributing to the world?A.Marie Curie.B.Jane Goodall.C.Rita Levi-Montalcini.D.Lise Meitner.2.What did Rita Levi-Montalcini reseachon?A.Nerve growth.B.The wildlife.C.Nuclear explosion.D.Radioactivity.3.What do we know about Lise Meitner?A.She was awarded the Nobel Prize.B.She made a big mistake in her work.C.She did lots of studies about nerve growth.D.She made great contributions to nuclear physics.BKnowing more about science than the average middle student,Caroline Crouchley,13,of Garden City is a finalist in the20193M Young Scientist Challenge.The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video tracing a unique solution to an everyday problem.Crouchley is one of10finalists chosen out of thousandsof students this year.After watching her brother enter the competition several years ago,Crouchley,who has always loved science, couldn’ｔwait for her turn.In May,she submitted a two-minute video about her idea to the organizer to createbelieve it. growing methods of public transportation.When she found out she was afinalist in June,she couldn’ｔproject was inspired by the construction she seesevery day outside her window in Garden City,as Crouchley’ｓwell as the Long Island Railroad’ｓrecent expansion.She noticed transportation causespollution in her community, and she was determined to find a way to stop it.Crouchley said.In “Maybe o ne day,we can have better technology and find a way to help the environment,”her video,Crouchley explains that the use of fossil fuels let out by public transportation is a major cause of environmental problems.She believes technology that reducesthe need for a diesel(柴油)engine or an electric motor is the solution.To show her idea in action,she designed a new type of train.Crouchley created a computerized system design model for her train using an engineering program called Autodesk Inventor.She brought the train to life using a3D printer,magnets(磁铁)and a solar-powered air compressor(压缩机).Crouchley said it took a long time to develop her ideas and make the video.She had to work under deadlines,too,which she said was stressful.the competition about?4.What’ｓA.Solving daily problems.B.Knowing about science.C.Meeting personal curiosity.D.Answering the question on science.in paragraph1?5.Which can replace the underlined word“tracing”A.arrestingB.overcomingC.describingD.accumulatingproject?the purpose of Crouchley’ｓ6.What’ｓA.To help protect the environment.B.To invent anew kind of transportation.C.To inspire teenagersto struggle for their dreams.D.To find a solution to avoid using transportation.7.Which of the following best describes Crouchley?A.Energetic.B.Creative.C.Humorous.D.Demanding.Cthe casein some parts of America.The You might easily gain accessto fresh fruit and vegetables,but this isn’ｔU.S.has many areasthat are considered as food deserts,which are defined as parts of the country short of fresh fruit, vegetables and other healthy food,usually found in poor areas.Food deserts are urban areaswhere the nearest grocery store is more than1mile away,and rural areaswhere the nearest grocery store is more than10miles away.According to the USDA,19million Americans—or6.2%ofin places that can be considered as food deserts.the population—liveThe issue isn’ｔnecessarily about the difference in cost between healthy and unhealthy foods in theseareasbutabout a lack of accessto healthy choices at all.And,with the lack of healthy food choices,these areastypically it’ｓhave a large supply of unhealthy foods sold at fast-food companies and convenience stores.Eating unhealthy foods can lead to overweight,which puts people at risk for all kinds of major health issues, including high blood pressure,heart disease,and some cancers.readily available.In the But some people,especially those who cannot afford a car,are stuck with eating what’ｓusually the type of food that can lead to overweight.Studies have shown that this is likely case of food deserts,it’ｓto be a problem in low-income areas.When money is not enough,people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove food waste,which is a waste of their limited income.Lack of accessis only one part of the problem,however.A study published in2018found that food inequality removed.The bigger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in thesecommunities, wasn’ｔwhich prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating.just physical.A While overweight is a significant issue in these communities,the cost of unhealthy eating isn’ｔstudy found that71billion dollars in healthcare costs due to chronic diseasescould be saved through healthier eating.8.What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A.6.2%of the Americans live in poor areas.B.Some parts of the USA lack fresh vegetables.need fresh fruit.C.Some people in America don’ｔD.People in the food desertsbuy fresh vegetables easily.9.Why can fast-food companies sell large amounts of unhealthy food in the food deserts?A.These areasare rich in unhealthy food materials.B.Fast-food companies want to make a larger profit.C.Healthy food choices are unavailable in these areas.D.People in theseareasprefer unhealthy food to healthy food.10.What do studies say about people in low-income areas?A.They are less likely to have overweight problems.B.They are delighted to prepare food for themselves.C.They have to buy food that can be preserved longer.D.They are used to eating food donated by food companies.11.What stops people from understanding healthy eating benefits in the food deserts?ck of government financial support.ck of knowledge of disease prevention.ck of social promotion of healthy eating.ck of education and knowledge in nutrition.DRescuing victims from a burning building,a chemical spill,or any disaster that is inaccessible to human responders could one day be a task for adaptable robots.Imagine,for instance,rescue-robots rising up on two legs can bound through rubble(碎石),push aside aheavy obstacle,or break through a locked door.Engineers are improving the design of four-legged robots and their ability to run,jump and even do back leaps. But getting two-legged,human-like robots to use force or push against something without falling has been a lion in the way.Now engineers at MIT and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a method to controlessential step toward enabling a human-like to carry out high-balance in a two-legged,tele-operated robot—anrobot,physically resembling a machined body and two legs,is impact tasks in challenging environments.The team’ｓcontrolled remotely by a human operator wearing a vest that sendsinformation about the human’ｓmotion and ground reaction forces to the robot.Through the vest,the human operator can direct and experience the robot’ｓmovements.If the robot is starting to tip over,the human feels the same pull on the vest and can adjust in a way to rebalance both himself and the robot.In experiments with the robot to test this new“balance feedback”approach,the researcherswere able tobalance as it jumped and walked in sync(同步)with its human operator.remotely maintain the robot’ｓcan feel how the dynamics(力)of the backpack move around like running with a heavy backpack—you“It’ｓsays Joao Ramos,who developed the approach as an MIT Postdoctor.“Now if you,and you can make up properly,”you want to open a heavy door,the human can command the robot to throw its body at the door and push it open, without losing balance.”the function of the first paragraph?12.What’ｓA.Advertise a new robot.B.Show the appearanceof the robot.C.Tell the principle of the two-legged robot.D.Introduce the purpose of the two-legged robot.13.What is the trouble with human-like robots?hard for them to do back leaps.A.It’ｓhard for them to keep their balance.B.It’ｓpush against anything hard.C.They can’ｔD.They often fall down when meeting the lions.14.What is special about the robot researchat MIT?actions can be felt by the human operator.A.The tested robot’ｓB.The robot is tested in challenging environments.C.The data on the tested robot is sent by phones.D.The tested robot has a voice-control system.15.Which is the best title for the text?A.The Strength of Two-legged RobotB.The Development History of RobotC.A New Four-legged Rescuing RobotD.New Research on Two-legged Robot第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。