B8-U1 词汇学习1. distinction n.差别；区分；卓著make/ draw a distinction between A and B 对……加以区分without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地with distinction以优异的成绩,以杰出的表现gain/obtain/win distinction 出名There is a fine distinction betw een the two words.这两个字之间有细微区别。
We should make a distinction between right and wrong.我们应该分清是非。
We must make a distinction between freedom and license.我们必须把自由和放纵区分开来。
Michael graduated with distinction from the university.迈克尔以优异的成绩从大学毕业了。
He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。
Employers should hire men and women without distinction.雇主用人应不分男女。
distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。
There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air.周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。
She is trying to remain calm, but there is a distinct edge to her voice.她竭力想保持冷静，但她的声音中却显然带着怒气。
2. live on继续活着,继续存在；住在…上；以…为食1. She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了多年。
2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传.3. The composer's works will always live on. 这位作曲家的作品将永远留在人间.4. The people find it hard to live on.民不聊生.5. Most mammals live on land.大多数哺乳动物生活在陆地上.6. Most of Asians live on rice.多数亚洲人以大米为主食.7. The lonely old man lives on charity.8. Mozart is dead but his music lives on. [短语归纳] live短语：live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth 接受或容忍某现象live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁live a... life 过着……的生活3. means n．手段；方法(单复数同形)①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
by this means 通过这种方式by means of 用……办法；借助……by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by every means 用尽一切可能的办法by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by any mean 无论如何As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。
In many places in China，the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。
(1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words.我们用语言来表达感情。
The actress rose to fame overnight by means of her perfect performance in the film. (2)by no means＝not at all一点……也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job.我对目前的工作一点也不满意。
This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.这绝非解决问题的良计。
(3)by this means通过这种方式You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。
(4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必—May I use your bicycle?—By all means！我可以用你的自行车吗？当然可以！1．But by no means _____ with my progress. A．the teacher is not satisfiedB．is the teacher not satisfiedC．the teacher is satisfiedD．is the teacher satisfied2．The police looked into the case carefullyand found the thief had entered the house ________ a ladder.A．by the means B．by all means C．by ways of D．by means of 3．She couldn’t speak，but made her wishes known ________ sign.A．by means of B．by any means C．by all means D．by no means —Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?—Yes，________.A．that’s all right B．by all means C．it just depends D．never mind4. in additionadv. 另外；除此之外；并且；况且•In addition, 相当于副词。
①位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。
This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。
另外，它还有无数来自海外的花草树木。
•许多词可以和它替换，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。
②In addition位于句末，相当于“as well”Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.玛丽舅母为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋甜饼。
When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and ,in addition, broke her glasses.黛安妮摔倒时, 摔伤了胳臂, 还摔坏了眼镜. You need money and time,in addition, you need diligence.你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。
In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。
In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。
In addition to the killed and wounded, many were missing.除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。
In China, both late marriages and late childbirth are advocated, in addition to fewer and better births.在中国, 晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励.5. majority n．大多数；大半major adj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻(反义词minority少数；少数民族)be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数have a majority over sb获得超过对方的票数A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
Obama had a majority over Mitt Romney and won the election.奥巴马得票多于米特罗姆尼，获得大选的胜利。