入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30points:20for Section A,and10for Section B)Section A:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Even though he was guilty,the________judge did not send him to prison.A.mercifulB.impartialC.conscientiousD.conspicuous2.The education________for the coming year is about$4billion,which is much more than what people expected.A.allowanceB.reservationC.budgetD.finance3.They had fierce________as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken year ago.A.debateB.clashC.disagreementD.context4.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could not make_____of them.A.impressionprehensionC.meaningD.sense5.The politician says he will________the welfare of the people.A.prey onB.take onC.get atD.see to6.If you________the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off7.He was________to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.A.draggedB.temptedC.elicitedD.attracted8.Beijing somewhat short sighted,she had the habit of________at people.A.glancingB.peeringC.gazingD.scanning9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world,the________majority are inactive.A.tremendousB.demandingC.intensiveD.overwhelming10.In general,matters which lie entirely within state borders are the________concern of state governments.A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive11.The food was rather________and needed gingering up.A.slipperyB.inscribeC.invisibleD.insipid12.I don't________expert knowledge of this subject.A.professB.confessC.confirmD.confront13.He had no________about his talents as a singer.A.illuminationsB.illustrationsC.allusionsD.illusions14.There is not much time left;so I’ll tell you about it________.A.in detailB.in briefC.in shortD.in all15.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully________.A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered16.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,________a sudden loud noise.入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译A.being thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been17.By the year2000,scientists probably________a cure for cancer.A.will be discoveringB.are discoveringC.will have discoveredD.have discovered18.Jim isn’t________,but he did badly in the final exams last semester.A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious19.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’_______.mandB.convictionC.consentpromise20.He had________on the subject.A.a rather strong opinionB.rather strong opinionC.rather the strong opinionD.the rather strong opinionSection B:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked,A,B,C,and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,__21__this is largely because,__22__animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are__23__to perceiving those smells which float through the air,__24__the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact,__25__,we are extremely sensitive to smells,__26__we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of__27__human smells even when these are__28__to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,__29__others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate__30__smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send__31__to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell__32__can suddenly become sensitive to it when__33__to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it__34__to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can__35__new receptors if necessary.This may__36__explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not__37__of the usual smell of our own house but we__38__new smells when we visit someone else’s.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors__39__for unfamiliar and emergency signals__40__the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.21.A although B as C but D while22.A above B unlike C excluding D besides23.A limited B committed C dedicated D confined24.A catching B ignoring C missing D tracking25.A anyway B though C instead D therefore入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译26.A even if B if only C only if D as if27.A distinguishing B discovering C determining D detecting28.A diluted B dissolved C determining D diffused29.A when B since C for D whereas30.A unusual B particular C unique D typical31.A signs B stimuli C messages D impulses32.A at first B at all C at large D at times33.A subjected B left C drawn D exposed34.A ineffective B incompetent C inefficient D insufficient35.A introduce B summon C trigger D create36.A still B also C otherwise D nevertheless37.A sure B sick C aware D tired38.A tolerate B repel C neglect D notice39.A available B reliable C identifiable D suitable40.A similar to B such as C along with D aside from Part II Reading Comprehension(40points:2×20)Direction:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions41to45are based on the following passage:Moral responsibility is all very well,but what about military orders?Is it not the soldier’s first duty to give instant obedience to orders given by his military superiors?And apart from duty,will not the soldier suffer severe punishment,even death,if he refuses to do what he is ordered to do?If,then,a soldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner,how can he be held criminally accountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war?These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called“superior orders”, and its use as a defense in war crimes trials.It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of war themselves,and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when,after the Stuart restoration in 1660,the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treason and murder.The officer defended himself on the ground“that all he did was as a soldier,by the command of his superior officer whom he must obey or die,”but the court gave him short shrift,saying that“when the command is traitorous,then the obedience to that command is also traitorous.”Though not precisely articulated,the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is the soldier’s duty to obey lawful orders,but that he may disobey—and indeed must,under some circumstances—unlawful orders.Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of the nation.In1804,Chief Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders will justify a subordinate’s conduct only“if not to perform a prohibited act”,and there are many other early decisions to the same入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译effect.A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict of which most Englishmen have never heard(although their troops burned the White House)and which we call the War of1812.Our country was badly split by that war too and,at a time when the United States Navy was not especially popular in New England,the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor.A pass-by directed abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship,and the marine,Bevans by name,ran his bayonet through the man.Charged with murder,Bevans produced evidence that the marines on the Independence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect.The case was tried before Justice Joseph Story,next to Marshall,the leading judicial figure of those years,who charged that any such order as Bevans had invoked“would be illegal and void”,and,if given and put into practice,both the superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder.In consequence,Bevans was convicted.The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic,and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield; perhaps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lead to bad trouble.But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear. Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal,or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity?41.It can be inferred from Para.1that if a soldier obeys his superior’s order to burn a house or to kill aprisoner,________.A.he is right according to moral standardsB.he should not receive any punishmentC.he should certainly be liable for his actionD.he will be convicted according to the law of war42.What was the rule implied by the trail of the commander of the guards?A.A soldier must obey lawful orders,be he right or wrong.B.Even if an order is unlawful,the soldier must still obey it.C.A soldier may or must disobey unlawful orders or he must die.D.It is the soldier’s duty to obey superior orders whatever they are.43.The phrase“to the same effect”(Line6,Para.3)most probably means“which”________.A.are of the similar meaningB.have the same purposeC.must be put into effectD.lead to the same result44.According to the fourth paragraph,Bevans was found guilty because he________.A.obey illegal ordersB.was accused of murderC.disobeyed the superior ordersD.offended against the law of war45.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author’s attitude towards Bevans was______.A.bewilderingB.indignantC.approvingD.not quite sympathetic Questions46to50are based on the following passage:Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect.Our heroes are athletes,entertainers, and entrepreneurs,not scholars.Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译education——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”says education writer Diane Ravitch.“Schools could be a counterbalance.”Razitch’s latest book,Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.Without the ability to think critically,to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris,“We will become a second-rate country.We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,”writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life,a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality,common sense,and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for10or15years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilized, going to school and learning to read,so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect,according to Hofstadter,is different from native intelligence,a quality we reluctantly admire.Intellect is the critical,creative,and contemplative side of the mind.Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate,re-order,and adjust,while intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted.Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”46.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the worldC.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.47.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of_______.A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence48.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are________.A.identicalB.similarplementaryD.opposite入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译49.Emerson,according to the text,is probably_______.A.a pioneer of education reformB.an opponent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling50.What does the author think of intellect?A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common sense.C.It is to be pursuedD.It underlies power.Questions51to55are based on the following passage:There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media.Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed,and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex.A1993study by the U.S.National Academy of Sciences listed“biological,individual,family,peer,school,and community factors”as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality.Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement:“At this time,well over1,000studies...point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians,and even disputed the number of studies(most were review articles and essays,they said).When Jonathan Freedman,a social psychologist at the University of Toronto,reviewed the literature,he found only200or so studies of television-watching and aggression.And when he weeded out“the most doubtful measures of aggression”,only28%supported a connection.The critical point here is causality.The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression.But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined.When labeling games as violent or non-violent,should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event?And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read‘aggressive’or‘non-aggressive’words from a list,can we be sure what they are actually measuring?The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies,assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more.Several researchers write,speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media.That is,of course,their privilege.But when doing so,they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled,drawing criticism from colleagues.In response,the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry.Such clashes help neither science nor society.入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译51.Why is there so much violence shown in movies,TV and video games?A.There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B.Something has gone wrong with today’s society.C.Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshedD.Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.52.What is the skeptics(Line3,Paragraph3)view of media violence?A.Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B.Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C.A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D.The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated53.The author uses the term“alarmists”(Line1,Paragraph5)to refer to those who________.e standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB.initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC.assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviore appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior54.In refuting the alarmists,the author advances his argument by first challenging________.A.the source and amount of their dataB.the targets of their observationC.their system of measurementD.their definition of violence55.What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media andviolence?A.More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B.It should come to an end since the matter has now been settledC.The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D.He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Questions56to60are based on the following passage:In the college-admissions wars,we parents are the true fighters.We are pushing our kids to get good grades,take SAT preparatory courses and build résumés so they can get into the college of our first choice.I've twice been to the wars,and as I survey the battlefield,something different is happening.We see our kids'college background as a prize demonstrating how well we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them:So we've contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths,prejudices or myths.It actually doesn't matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic;we worry that there won't be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable.Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts.All that is plausible—and mostly wrong.We haven't found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters.Selective schools入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools.On two measures—professors'feedback and the number of essay exams—selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies,selective schools do enhance their graduates'lifetime earnings.The gain is reckoned at2-4%for every100-point increase in a school's average SAT scores.But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke.A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere.They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.Kids count more than their colleges.Getting into Yale may signify intelligence,talent and ambition.But it's not the only indicator and,paradoxically,its significance is declining.The reason:so many similar people go elsewhere.Getting into college isn't life's only competition.In the next competition—the job market and graduate school—the results may change.Old-boy networks are breaking down.Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D program.High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in;degrees of prestigious universities didn't.So,parents,lighten up.The stakes have been vastly exaggerated.Up to a point,we can rationalize our pushiness.America is a competitive society;our kids need to adjust to that.But too much pushiness can be destructive.The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment.One study found that,other things being equal,graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.56.Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attend？B.They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.C.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application.D.They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.57.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever?A.They want to increase their children's chances of entering a prestigious college.B.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarships.C.Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go to.D.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to.58．What does the author mean by saying"Kids count more than their college"(Line1,Paragraph4)?A.Continuing education is more important to a person's success.B.A person's happiness should be valued more than their education.C.Kids’actual abilities are more important than their college backgrounds.D.What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译59．What does Krueger's study tell us?A.Getting into Ph.D programs may be more competitive than getting into college.B.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs.C.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores.D.Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation.60．One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that______.A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize their qualifications in job applicationsPart III Writing(30points)Directions:Based on the information given below,please write an essay of about600words on the Answer Sheet.You have60minutes to plan,write,and revise your essay.If you could travel back in time or into the future,which would you choose and what exact period of time would you like to experience?Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Suggested title for the essay is:The Time MachineYou may use your own title if you like.宁波大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:211科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业:英语笔译Part I Vocabulary and Grammar(30points:20for Section A,and10for Section B) Section A:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.The directions were so________that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A)ingenious B)ambitious C)notorious D)ambiguous2.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education is one of the most ________areas in Japanese life.A)sophisticated B)competitive C)considerate D)superficial3.If a person talks about his weak points,his listener is expected to say something in the way of____.A)persuasion B)remedy C)encouragement D)compromise4.Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her________for a whole week.A)constrained B)dominated C)restricted D)occupied5.If we_____our relations with that country,we’ll have to find another supplier of raw materials.A)diffuse B)diminish C)terminate D)preclude6.Ever since the first nuclear power stations were built,doubts have________about their safety.A)preserved B)survived C)suspended D)lingered7.This clearly shows that crops and weeds have quite a number of________in common.A)traits B)traces C)tracks D)trails8.From science to Shakespeare,excellent television and video programs are available___to teacher.A)in effect B)in practice C)in operation D)in abundance9.When the Italian poet Dante was________from his home in Florence,he decided to walk from Italy to Paris to search for the real meaning of life.A)exerted B)expired C)exiled D)exempted10.Habits acquired in youth-notably smoking and drinking-may increase the risk of____diseases in a person’s later life.A)consecutive B)chronic C)critical D)cyclical11.Please do not be______by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A)disregarded B)distorted C)irritated D)intervened12.Craig assured his boss that he would________all his energies in doing this new job.A)call forth B)call at C)call on D)call off13.Too much________to X-rays can cause skin burns,cancer or other damage to the body.A)disclosure B)exhibition C)contact D)exposure14.When confronted with such questions,my mind goes________,and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A)dim B)blank C)faint D)vain15.It is well known that knowledge is that________condition for expansion of mind.A)incompatible B)incredible C)indefinite D)indispensable16.More than two hundred years ago the United States________from the British Empire and become an independent country.A)got off B)pulled down C)broke away D)dropped off17.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is_______loud continuous noise.A)subjected to B)filled with C)associated with D)attached to18.Some of the most important concepts in physics___their success to these mathematical systems.A)oblige B)owe C)contribute D)object科目代码:211科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业:英语笔译19.As your instructor advised,you ought to spend your time on something____researching into.A)precious B)worth C)worthy D)valuable20.As a defense against air-pollution damage,many plants and animals________a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.A)relieve B)release C)dismiss D)discardSection B:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked,A,B,C,and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In the nineteenth century,the invention of the telegraph made it possible to send noises,signals,and even music over wires from one place to another.(21)______,the human voice had never traveled this way.Many inventors tried to find a(22)______to send a voice over wires,and in1876some of their (23)______were crowned with(使圆满结束)success.Two American(24)______,Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray,(25)______at almost the same time.The United States(26)______Court finally had to decide which of the two(27)______the first inventor of the telephone.The Court decided (28)______Bell's favor.Born in Edinburg,Scotland,Bell grew up in a family(29)______was very interested in teaching people to(30)______.His grandfather had been an actor who left(31)______to teach elocution(雄辩术);his father was a teacher who helped deaf-mutes learn(32)______to speak.However,probably none of the(33)______inventions gave Bell the same feeling of triumph (34)______he had on the day(35)______he spilled some acid from his batteries.It was after he had worked for months(36)______he found ways to send something more(37)______metallic twangs (“嘣”的一声)over the wires.Thinking Watson,his helper,was in the next room,Bell called,"Mr. Watson,(38)______.I want you."Watson was not in the next room.He was down in his laboratory, (39)______to the receiver.To Watson's(40)______,he heard the words perfectly.He ran to tell Bell the news:the wires had carried Bell's voice perfectly.21.A)Therefore B)However C)Still D)Furthermore22.A)solution B)mean C)way D)aspect23.A)affects B)profits C)effects D)work24.A)inventors B)discoverers C)producers D)researchers25.A)succeed B)succeeding C)succeeded D)successful26.A)Senior B)Supreme C)Superior D)Prior27.A)was B)were C)being D)is28.A)at B)in C)to D)of29.A)that B)where C)who D)when30.A)talk B)speak C)tell D)say31.A)a theatre B)theatre C)the theatre D)one theatre32.A)how B)what C)why D)which33.A)later B)latter C)lately D)late34.A)like B)as C)which D)just。