语言学概论复习题1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a system.B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have language.D. Language is arbitrary.2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A. Symbolic.B. Dual.C. Productive.D. Arbitrary.3. What are the dual structures of language?A. Sounds and letters.B. Sounds and meaning.C. Letters and meaning.D. Sounds and symbols.4. Which of the following statements can be used to describe 'displacement', one ofthe unique properties of language?A. We can easily teach our children to learn a certain language.B. We can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.C. We can use language to refer to something not present.D. We can produce sentences that have never been heard before.5. What is the most important function of language?A. InterpersonalB. PhaticC. Informative.D. Metalingual6. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?A. PhonologyB. PsycholinguisticsC. Socio-linguistics.D. Anthropology.7. Which of the following branches of linguistics takes the inner Structure of word asits main object of study?A. Phonetics.B. Semantics.C. Morphology.D. Syntax.8. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes on the "standards" of language?A. Prescriptive.B. Descriptive.C. Synchronic.D. Diachronic.9. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Anonymous10. The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __ .A. SaussureB. HallidayC. ChomskyD. the Prague School11. According to Chomsky, is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of hislanguage.A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langue12. is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk abouta wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.A. DisplacementB. ArbitrarinessC. DualityD. Productivity13. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" isA. informativeB. phaticC. directiveD. performative14. General linguistics is the scientific study ofA. language of a certain individualB. the German languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies .A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of soundsD. the production of sounds2. Where are the vocal cords?A. In the mouth.B. In the nasal cavity.C. Above the tongue.D. Inside the larynx.3. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies inA. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of air-streamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips4. Which of the following phonetic descriptions matches the English consonant [p]?A. A voiceless bilabial stop.B. A voiced bilabial stop.C. A voiceless dental stop.D. A voiced dental fricative.5. What is the common factor of the three sounds: [p], [k], [t]?A. V oicelessB. SpreadC. V oicedD. Nasal6. What phonetic feature distinguish the [p] in please and the [p] in speak?A. V oicingB. AspirationC. RoundnessD. Nasality7. Which of the following sounds is a vowel glide?A. [ t ]B. [ o ] c. [ ei ] D. [dau]8. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?A. voicingB. nasalC. approximationD. aspiration9. Which of the following is not one of the criteria of vowel description?A. The part of the tongue that is raised.B. The extent to which the tongue rises.C. The shape of the lips.D. The extent to which the teeth draw together.10. Which of the following sounds is a back vowel?A. [i]B. [w]C. [e]D. [u]11. The diphthong in the word bite is composed of: __ .A. [a] and [i]B. [e] and [i]C. [a] and [e]D. [o] and [i]12. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms ofA. manner of articulationB. openness of mouthC. place of articulationD. voicing13. The phonological features of the consonant [k] are __ .A. voiced stopB. voiceless stopC. voiced fricativeD. voiceless fricative14. [e] is different from [a] inA. the shape of the lipsB. the height of the tongueC. the part of the tongue that is raisedD. the position of the soft palate15. [p] is different from [k] inA. the manner of articulationB. the shape of the lipsC. the vibration of the vocal cordsD. the place of articulation16. Vibration of the vocal cords results inA. aspirationB. nasalityC. obstructionD. voicing1. is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speechsounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics2. studies the sound systems in a certain language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatic3. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?A. but-pubB. wet-whichC. cool-curlD. fail-findMinimal pair (最小语对) refers to two different forms that are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the string.Ba d-ba tAllophones (音位变体)refers to different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environmentsthe [p] in p lease and the [p] in s p eak4. Minimal pairs are used to .A. find the distinctive features of a language.B. find the phonemes of a language.C. compare two words.D. find the allophones of a language.5. If two similar sound segments never occur in the same phonetic environment, thenthey are __ .A. two separate phonemes.B. two allophones of a phoneme.C. two free variations of a phoneme.D. a minimal pair.6. Which of the following distinctive features can be used to separate [k] from [g]?A. Glottal (place of articulation)B. NasalC. V oicedD. Spread7. Usually, supra-segmental features（超切分特征）include , length and pitch.A. PhonemeB. speech soundsC. syllablesD. stress8. is an indispensable part of a syllable.A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak9. The onset of a syllable can be composed of .A. one vowelB. two vowelsC. three consonantsD. four consonants10. Where is the primary stress（主重音）of the word phonology?A. phoB. noC. loD. gy11. In the following lines, And where are they? and where are thou ... the last wordthou should be stressed because it is in a comparative position with the word they.We name this kind of sentence stress asA. structural sentence stressB. contrastive sentence stressC. grammatical sentence stressD. primary sentence stress12. In isolated reading (i.e., without any specific context), the word in in the sentenceShe is in the classroom shouldA. not be stressedB. be stressedC. be the primary stress of the sentenceD. be more stressed than is13. If there is an English adjective 'pornatial', is the most possible for negativeform.A. ip-B. im-C. il-D. in-14. is not a suprasegmental feature.A. AspirationB. IntonationC. StressD. Tone1. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expressionand content.A. WordB. MorphemeC. AllomorphD. Root2. studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words areformed.A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PhonologyD. Semantics3. Lexeme（义位义素）is __ .A. a physically definable unitB. the common factor underlying a set of formsC. a grammatical unitD. an indefinable unit4. An language is a language in which concepts that we express usingprepositions, possessive adjectives; and so on are expressed as morphs concatenated in the same words as the relevant base.A. InflectingB. AgglutinatingC. IsolatingD. Analytical5. In the word conceive, the morpheme -ceive is aA. free rootB. bound rootC. suffixD. prefix6. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) .A. inflectional suffixB. derivational suffixC. free morphemeD. root7. Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the Englishplural morpheme __ .A. [s]B. [iz]C. [ai]D. [is]8. Which of the following processes of lexical change does the Chinese word "科技"experienced?A. BlendingB. AbbreviationC. BorrowingD. Back-formation9. Which of the following words is created through the process of acronym首字母缩略词(由一词组中各主要词的第一字母缩合而成, 如:NATO, laser, radar).A. adB. editC. AIDSD. Bobo10. All words contain aA. root morphemeB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix11. Which of the following words is a derivational one .A. black boardB. teachesC. considerationD. books12. belongs to a closed word class.A. InB. BeautifulC. NounD. Create13. The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is .A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy14. The word "lab" is formed throughA. back formationB. blendingC. clippingD. derivation1. When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence He is waitingoutside with another word or phrase, we are talking about __ inside the sentence.A. syntactic relationsB. paradigmatic relationsC. Linear relationsD. Government2. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure ofphrases and sentences is called .A. lexiconB. morphologyC. syntaxD. semantics3. What does 'IC' stands for as a syntactic notion and analytical technique?A. Inferential ConnectiveB. Inflectional ComponentC. Immediate Constituent D; Implicative Communication4. If we are to use the technique of IC analysis to analyze the sentence she broke thewindow with a stone yesterday, where is the first cut?A. between stone and yesterdayB. between she and brokeC. between broke and the windowD. between window and with5. __ is the defining properties of units like noun (number, gender, etc.) and verb(tense, aspect, etc.).A. Parts of speechB. Word classesC. Grammatical categoriesD. Functions of words6. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of Englishpronouns?A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice7. __ is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of othersin terms of certain categories.A. ConcordB. Immediate constituentC. Syntagmatic relationsD. Government8. __ proposed to define sentence as the maximum free form.A. BloomfieldB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Saussure9. The phrase boys and girls is a(n) __ .A. subordinate endocentric constructionB. coordinate endocentric constructionC. subordinate exocentric constructionD. coordinate exocentric construction10. Chomsky holds that the major task of linguistics is to __ .A. study real 'facts' in daily settingsB. tell people how to speak appropriatelyC. look for 'the universal grammar'D. tell people what is right in language use11. What is the full form of LAD?A. Language associative districtB. Linguistic acquisition districtC. Language associative deviceD. Language acquisition device12. A speaker's actual utterance in Chomsky's terminology is called __ .A. deep structureB. linguistic universalsC. universal grammarD. surface structure13. Chomsky studies language from a psychological point of view, holding languageis a form of __ ; while Halliday focuses on the social aspect of language regarding language as a form of __ .A. knowing, doingB. knowing, thinkingC. thinking, doingD. doing, knowing1. The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" areA. gradab1e oppositesB. converse oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms2. A word with several meanings is called __ word.A. a polysemousB. a synonymousC. an abnormalD. a multiple3. The semantic components of the word "gentleman" can be expressed as_A. +animate, +male, +human, -adultB. +animate, +male, +human, +adultC. +animate, -male, +human, -adultD. +animate,-male, +human, +adult4. __ is not included in Leech's associative meaning:A. Connotative meaningB. Social meaningC. Collocational meaningD. Thematic meaning5. Among Leech's seven types of meaning is concerned with the relationship betweena word and the thing it refers to .A. conceptualB. affectiveC. reflectedD. thematic6. According to the referential theory, a word is not directly related to the thing itrefers to. They are connected byA. meaningB. referenceC. conceptD. sense7. __ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of themeaning of each constituent word,A. CollocationB. IdiomC. Semantic componentD. Synonym8. "Big" and" Small" are a pair of __ opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse1. According to C. Morris and R. Carnap, __ is studies the relationship betweensymbols and their interpreters.A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Sociolinguistics2. There are __ deixis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.A.3B.4C.5D.63. “We can do things with wo r ds”—this is the main idea ofA. the Speech Act theoryB. the Co-operative PrinciplesC. the Polite PrinciplesD. pragmatics4. __ refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutionary actB. Illocutionary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act5. __ may be used as an example of indirect--speech act.A. "Could you open the window?"B. "I hereby declare Mr Williams elected."C. "Good morning!"D. "I command you to report at 6 in the morning tomorrow."6. In the following conversation:A: Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?B: And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.B violates theA. Quantity MaximB. Quality MaximC. Relation MaximD. Manner Maxim7. The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant toConversationA. quantityB. qualityC. mannerD. relation8. For the following conversation:A: Did you see my book in the classroom this morning?B: I was in the library.the conversation implicature is .A. B saw A’s bookB. B was not in the classroom that morningC. B did not see A’s bookD. B stole A's book。