卷AGenetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Animal products have also been developed, although as of July 2010 none are currently on the market. Critics have objected to GM foods on several grounds, including safety issues, ecological concerns, and economic concerns. However, genetically-modified foods are here to stay. That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, but simply that food-buying patterns will polarize (两极分化): there will be a right market for conventional food just as there is for organic food. It may even be that GM food will become the food of preference because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use. The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep pace with the world’s predicted population growth to ten or eleven billion. It’s not just a quest ion of more mouths to feed either. What is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space, reducing the overall land available for agriculture. "Genetic modification is analogous to nuclear power: nobody loves it, but climate change has made its adoption imperative," says economist Paul Collier of Oxford University. "Declining genetic modification makes a complicated issue more complex. Genetic modification offers both faster crop adaptation and a biological, rather than chemical, approach to yield increases." The world has 800 million hungry people. Until now, food supplies have been increased by improved varieties, pesticides and artificial fertilizers: the green revolution. Now we’re on the edge of a new revolu tion: a genetic one.It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world that benefits most from GM foods. It’s true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be too expensive. But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here — once the technology has been developed for profitable crops, it will spread and become affordable for all. This doesn’t mean, unfortunately, that famines will disappear, but severity and duration will be helped by an improved ability to produce and distribute food.31. The introduction of GM food will affect _____.A) food-pricing standardB) food-buying patternsC) food-supplies scaleD) food-production efficiency正确答案：B32 Consumers prefer GM food to conventional food because _____.A) GM food receives less pesticide applicationB) GM food is more nutritious than organic foodC) GM food is cheaper than conventional foodD) Conventional food is free from chemicals正确答案：A33. If the world population grows to ten or eleven billion by the year 2050,_____.A) a genetic revolution will take over the green revolutionB) the overall land available for agriculture will run outC) the number of hungry people will rise to 800 millionD) food production should be increased to three times that of today正确答案：D34. "But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here" (in the last paragraph) probably means that ______. A) once the technological innovationis in progress, its cost will be reducedB) once the technology has been turned into productivity, it will become popularC) once the technology has been developed for profitable products, it will enter into our daily lifeD) once the technology has been improved to meet the demands of the developing world, it will be affordable正确答案：C35. We can infer from the passage that GM food will _____A) be too expensive to affordB) keep the world from starvationC) be well-accepted by some consumersD) eventually replace conventional food正确答案：CPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The radical transformation of the Soviet society had a profound impact on women’s lives. Soviet women under Stalin were also the first generation of women able togive birth in the safety of a hospital, with access to prenatal care (产检). Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle-class husbands exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equalityof rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available,and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education. These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. Withthe advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of thebetter-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a woman’s profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors in the Soviet Union were women. Thus Stalinist society gave women great opportunities but demanded great sacrificesas well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so low that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husband’s earnings. Moreover, the full-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the woman’s responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental strains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was mobilized in Stalinist society.36. The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society ________.A) had economic opportunities that had never been available beforeB) had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibilitiesC) had new opportunities but also many hardshipsD) moved quickly into the highest levels of government正确答案：C37. In the last paragraph, "monopolize" probably means _____.A) hold B) earn C) leave D) pay正确答案：A38. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A) compare different systems of governmentB) tell stories about women in Soviet UnionC) amuse the readerD) provide information正确答案：D39. The author’s tone in this passage can best be described as ________.A) disapproving B) emotional C) objective D) sympathetic 正确答案：C40.We can conclude that the economic and social status of women in Stalinist society ________.A) had been improvedB) was worse than beforeC) had not changed muchD) was better than that in capitalistic countries正确答案：A卷BA few years ago, Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to move out of their New York City apartment to the suburbs. But after months of looking, they became discouraged and decided to buy an old house right in the middle of Brooklyn, which is a pa rt of New York City. To their delight, they discovered that they weren’t the only young couple to have made such a decision. Brooklyn isn’t the only city in the United States to experience this kind of renewal. Charleston, South Carolina, has so successfully rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most charming cities. The restoration of the old port city of Savannah, Georgia, is also living proof that downtown areas do not need to die. But encouraging as these developments may be, they are among the few bright spots in a mass of difficulties that today’s cities face. In the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbowroom, and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Since most of those making the move were middle-class, they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods in which they had lived. Thus, many cities began to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected. Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed. Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day, they would be filled with people working in offices, and at nightthey would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, "Why bother with going downtown at all? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the same area?" Gradually, some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of business to the suburbs is not confined to the United States. Business has also been moving to the suburbs in major European countries. But it may well be that this movement to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life. Perhaps, the decision made by the Taylors is a sign that people will return to the cities and begin to restore them. It begins to look as if subur ban sprawl may not have been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal environment in which to live and work.31. The author of the passage suggests that _____.A) moving to the suburbs is not the answer to an ideal environmentB) cities are likely to be replaced by suburbsC) downtown areas are too crowded to live inD) American people move a lot in history正确答案：A32. The word "elbowroom" in Para. 3 most probably means "_____".A) private space B) room to move freely C) peaceful places D) confined room正确答案：B33. Which of the following statements is true?A) There are just old and poor people left in the cities. B) The movement to the suburbs begins to decline.C) Downtown areas must die in the future. D) Suburbs are sure to replace cities.正确答案：B34. Why has business been moving to the suburbs?A) Because the environment is pleasant in the suburbs. B) Because the suburbs have developed rapidly.C) Because rich people have moved to the suburbs. D) Because many people can live and work in the same area. 正确答案：D35. Many cities began to fall into disrepair in the 1940s because _____.A) housing construction costs continued to rise B) middle-class housing was allowed to decayC) many people moved out of the cities D) only old and poor people were left in the cities正确答案：CPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home school advocates put the number much higher —at about a million. Public schools take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases even cooperation. Says John Marshall, an education official, "we are becoming relatively toler ant of home schoolers. The idea is, let’s give the kids access to public school so they’ll see it’s not as terrible as they’ve been told, and they’ll want to come back." Perhaps, but don’t count on it, say home school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education — whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child’s interest and natural pace — is the best. "The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone." says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center for Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time. Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also "strict religious doctrine (教条) and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn —both intellectually and emotionally —that the family is the most important institution in society." Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately." Van Galen writes. "These parents are highly independent and strive to take responsibility for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic (官僚主义) and inefficient."36. Which of the following statements is true?A) Home schoolers engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children.B) Home schoolers don’t go to school but are educated at home by their parents.C) Home schoolers educate their children at home instead of sending them to school.D) Home schoolers advocate combining public education with home schooling.正确答案：C37. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because ________.A) they want to show their tolerance for different teaching systemsB) there isn’t much they can do to change the present situationC) they have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all childrenD) home schooling provides a new variety of education for children正确答案：B38. Most home schoolers’ opposition to public education stems from their _______.A) concern with the cost involved B) worry about the inefficiency of public schoolsC) devotion to religion D) respect for the interests of individuals正确答案：C39. From the passage we know that home school advocates think that ________.A) home schooling is superior and therefore they will not easily give inB) their increased cooperation with public schools will bring about the improvement of public educationC) public schooling is not so bad as has often been saidD) their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools正确答案：A40. It can be concluded from Van Galen’s research that some home schoolers believe that ________.A) teachers in public schools are not as responsible as they should beB) public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching childrenC) public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern societyD) public schools cannot provide education that is good enough for their children正确答案：D卷CIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our men unfortunately miss that beneficial branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It dose not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself. Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is "aim high." Say to yourself, "My place is at the top." Be king in your dreams. And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is all wrong. I tell you "put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket." Look around you and take notice; men who do that do not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that break most eggs in the country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tremble and trip (摔倒) him up.31. The author will be glad to see a young man ______ the first day he is at work.A) trying his hand at a broom B) walking around the office C) reading books D) absent from work正确答案：A32. The author ______.A) started his career by sweeping out the office B) looks down on the janitors and janitressesC) pays respect to the janitors and janitresses D) thinks it unnecessary to have a professional sweeper正确答案：A33. According to the passage, ______ is an indispensable part of business education.A) being a good janitor or janitress B) starting from sweeping in the officeC) learning to use the computer D) getting familiar with the Internet正确答案：B34. ______ is essential in your way to success.A) Patience B) Concentration C) Perseverance D) Modesty正确答案：B35. In the second paragraph, "concerns" is most close in meaning to ______.A) firms B) worries C) businessmen D) deals正确答案：APassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Despite a cooling of the economy, high-technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800,000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers poses a huge threat to the U.S. economy. The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the country's agrarian-age (农村时代) education system fails to prepare students in the primary and secondary grades for twenty-first-century work. Yet an inadequate and outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible but equally powerful cause is an antique classification system that divides the workforce into two camps: white-collar knowledge workers and blue-collar manual laborers. Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work migrated from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in the twentieth century, outnumbering the blue-collar workers by mid-century. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge worker: a highly skilled multi-disciplined talent, who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with a solid grounding in mathematics and science (physics, chemistry, and biology). These "gold-collar" workers — so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy as well as for their personal earning ability —apply that knowledge to technology. The gold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs. The maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at Procter & Gamble; the engineering technologist who assists scientists at Sandia National Laboratories; and the advanced-manufacturing technician at Intel can all be regarded as gold-collar workers.36. In the first paragraph, the word "projects" can be best replaced by _____.A) throws B) predicts C) concludes D) claims正确答案：B37. Compared with a blue-collar worker, a gold-collar worker _____.A) is more skillful in technology B) has received higher educationC) used to be a white-collar worker D) learnt more in high school正确答案：A38. A gold-collar worker _____.A) knows more than one kind of knowledge or skill B) knows only one kind of knowledge or skillC) earns less than a blue-collar worker D) earns less than a white-collar worker正确答案：A39. The first group of blue-collar workers were most likely to be _____ in the past.A) migrants B) educators C) servants D) farmers正确答案：D40. When did the number of white-collar workers become bigger than that of the blue-collar workers in America? A) Recently. B) In 1970 or so. C) In 1950 or so. D) During the Industrial Age.正确答案：C卷DThe estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home school advocates put the number much higher — at about a million. Public schools take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases even cooperation. Says John Marshall, an education official, "we are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. The idea is, let’s give the kids access to publicschool so they’ll see it’s not as terrible as they’ve been told, and they’ll want to come back." Perhaps, but don’t count on it, say ho me school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education — whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child’s interest and natural pace — is the best. "The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone." says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center for Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time. Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also "strict religious doctrine (教条) and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn —both intellectually and emotionally —that the family is the most important institution in society." Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately." Van Galen writes. "These parents are highly independent and strive to take responsibility for their own lives within a societythat they define as bureaucratic (官僚主义) and inefficient."31. Which of the following statements is true?A) Home schoolers engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children.B) Home schoolers don’t go to school but are educated at home by their parents.C) Home schoolers educate their children at home instead of sending them to school.D) Home schoolers advocate combining public education with home schooling.正确答案：C32. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because ________.A) they want to show their tolerance for different teaching systemsB) there isn’t much they can do to change the present situationC) they have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all childrenD) home schooling provides a new variety of education for children正确答案：B33. Most home schoolers’ opposition to public education stems from their _______.A) concern with the cost involved B) worry about the inefficiency of public schoolsC) devotion to religion D) respect for the interests of individuals正确答案：C34. From the passage we know that home school advocates think that ________.A) home schooling is superior and therefore they will not easily give inB) their increased cooperation with public schools will bring about the improvement of public educationC) public schooling is not so bad as has often been saidD) their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools正确答案：A35. It can be concluded from Van Galen’s research that some home schoolers believe that ________.A) teachers in public schools are not as responsible as they should beB) public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching childrenC) public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern societyD) public schools cannot provide education that is good enough for their children正确答案：DPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our men unfortunately miss that beneficial branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It dose not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself. Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is "aim high." Say to yourself, "My place is at the top." Be king in your dreams. And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is all wrong. I tell you "put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket." Look around you and take notice; men who do that do not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that break most eggs in the country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tremble and trip (摔倒) him up.36. The author will be glad to see a young man ______ the first day he is at work.A) trying his hand at a broom B) walking around the office C) reading books D) absent from work正确答案：A37. The author ______.A) started his career by sweeping out the office B) looks down on the janitors and janitressesC) pays respect to the janitors and janitresses D) thinks it unnecessary to have a professional sweeper正确答案：A38. According to the passage, ______ is an indispensable part of business education.A) being a good janitor or janitress B) starting from sweeping in the office C) learning to use the computer D) getting familiar with the Internet正确答案：B39. ______ is essential in your way to success.A) Patience B) Concentration C) Perseverance D) Modesty 正确答案：B40. In the second paragraph, "concerns" is most close in meaning to ______.A) firms B) worries C) businessmen D) deals正确答案：A卷EQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate。