s
Karp reduction is Karp reducible to; is polynomial-time many-one reducible to computational complexity theory proportionality is proportional to; varies y as everywhere Karp reduction [2] is Karp reducible to; is A B means the problem A can be polynomial-time many-one reducible to polynomially reduced to the problem B. computational complexity theory addition plus; add 4 + 6 means the sum of 4 and 6. arithmetic 2+7=9 x means that y = kx for some constant k. if y = 2 x , then y x. L1 L2 means that the problem L1 is Karp reducible to L2 .[1] If L1 L2 and L2 P, then L1 P.
Table of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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s
Table of mathematical symbols
x •á e x
3 i 4 and 5 i 5 5 ? 4 and 5 ? 5
i
subgroup
is a subgroup of
?
group theory reduction is reducible to A i B means the problem A can be reduced to the problem B. Subscripts can be added to the i computational to indicate what kind of reduction. complexity theory
ring theory This may also be written R* as described below, or U( R). multiplication times; multiplied by 3 ? 4 means the multiplication of 3 by 4. arithmetic dot product dot u ? v means the dot product of vectors u and v linear algebra (1,2,5) ? (3,4,?1) = 6 2 R 4 = .5 6 R 3 or 6 R 3 means the division of 6 by 3. 12 R 4 = 3 G / H means the quotient of group G modulo its {0, a, 2 a , b , b + a, b+2 a } / {0, b } = {{0, b }, { subgroup H. {2 a , b +2 a }} 7 ? 8 = 56
3<4 5>4
5Z < Z A 3 < S3
0.003 •á 1000000
•á
•â
of smaller (greater) order than (This is I. M. Vinogradov 's notation. Another analytic number theory notation is the Big O notation , which looks like f = O( g ).) x i y means x is less than or equal to y . inequality is less than or equal to, is greater than or equal to x ? y means x is greater than or equal to y. (The forms <= and >= are generally used in order theory programming languages where ease of typing and use of ASCII text is preferred.) H i G means H is a subgroup of G.
If L1
L2 and L2
P , then L1
P.
+
disjoint union A1 = {3, 4, 5, 6} ? A2 = {7, 8, 9, 10} the disjoint union of ... A1 + A2 means the disjoint union of sets A1 and A1 + A2 = {(3,1), (4,1), (5,1), (6,1), (7,2), (8,2), (9,2), and ... A2 . (10,2)} set theory subtraction minus; take; subtract arithmetic 9 ? 4 means the subtraction of 4 from 9. 8?3=5
Explanation
Examples
I
2+tical symbols - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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7 ? 8 = 56
{1,2} ? {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)}
?
set theory cross product cross linear algebra group of units the group of units of R? consists of the set of units of the ring R , along with the operation of multiplication. u ? v means the cross product of vectors u and v (1,2,5) ? (3,4,?1) = (?22, 16, ? 2)
Symbol Symbol
in HTML in TEX
Name Read as Category equality x = y means x and y do represent the same thing is equal to; equals or value. everywhere inequality is not equal to; does not equal (The forms !=, /= or <> are generally used in everywhere x I y means that x and y do not represent the same thing or value. 2=2 1+1=2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
1 Common symbols 2 Standardization 3 See also 4 Variations 5 References 6 External links
Common symbols
This is a listing of common symbols found within all branches of mathematics . Each symbol is listed in both HTML, which depends on appropriate fonts to be installed, and in TEX, as an image. This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it (/w/index.php?title=Table_of_mathematical_symbols& action=edit ) .
s
programming languages where ease of typing and use of ASCII text is preferred. ) strict inequality
< >
x < y means x is less than y. is less than, is greater than x > y means x is greater than y . order theory proper subgroup is a proper subgroup of H < G means H is a proper subgroup of G. group theory (very) strict inequality x •á y means x is much less than y. is much less than, is much greater than x •â y means x is much greater than y . order theory asymptotic comparison f •á g means the growth of f is asymptotically bounded by g.