.句子成分讲解及练习主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
(找出主语并说明是由什么词充当的)The sun rises in the east. （） He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe. （）What he needs is a book. （）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .（）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （）Five and five is ten. （）He is asleep. （）His father is in. （）The picture is on the wall. ( )My watch is gone / missing / lost. （）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （）The question is whether they will come. （）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （）He hates you. （）How many do you need? We need two. （）We should help the old and the poor. （）I enjoy working with you. （）I hope to see you again. （）Did you write down what he said? （）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （）We will make them happy. （）We found nobody in. ( )Please make yourself at home. （）Don’t let him do that. （）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （）Don’t keep the lights burning. （）I’ll have my bike repaired. （）主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（）He is our friend. （）We belong to the third world. （）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（）The man over there is my old friend.( )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )The boys playing football are in Class 2. （）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （）I have an idea to do it well. （）You should do everything that I do. （）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv. 或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well..句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1. 主语＋谓语（不及物动词）She came．/ My head aches.2. 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语She likes English.3. 主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．4. 主语＋谓语（双宾动词）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage. （There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Students study..2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．7. I have two elder sisters．8. The terrible sound made the children frightened.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.15.Tigers are dangerous animals．16.We will make our school more beautiful.17.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 18. I made Tom monitor.19. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 20. She showed us her many of her pictures.21. The old man lives a lonely life. 22. This term I have written three letters to my paren ts.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。
2她昨天晚上回家很晚。
3.五年前我住在北京。
4.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.这本书他读过多次了。
3.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
4.他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）1我的兄弟都是大学生。
2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。
3.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
3. 他把车票给列车员看。
4. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
2.我要你把真相告诉我。
3.卫兵命令我们立即离开。
4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
.15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事。
18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。
20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型1今晚没有会。
2这个村子过去只有一口井。