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英语语言学概论morphemes(马震旦)


Words consisting of one or more morphemes
One
Two
Three
More than three
and
cat
cats
teach
teacher
teachers
act
act-ive
act-iv-ate re-act-iv-ate
Classification of Morphemes:
Classification of Morphemes:
Bound Morpheme (黏着语素): A morpheme that must be attached to another one is
a Bound morpheme.
黏着语素必须粘附在其他语速上构成单词,不能作为单词单独使 用。
Free Morphemes (自由语素): A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a
free morpheme.
自由语素含有完整的语义,它们被称为自由语素是因为它们可以 作为单词单独使用。
For example, ① cat ② ‘help’ in the word ‘helpful’
wiser
-er is an inflectional affix, expresses
comparative degree
derivational affixes: -tion, -ify, -ful, -ly
Allomorphs
An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments.
Examples:
antecedent -ante is an affix, means before
(先行的) -ced is a root, means go
-ent is an affix, means a thing or a person
books plural
-s is an inflectional affix, expresses
Morphemes
——the minimal units of meaning

小组成员: 马震旦 虞梦露 吴晓栋
张琪玉 王茹 史浩磊
Brief Introduction:
In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.
For example: ① ‘-s’ in the word ‘cats’ ② ‘-ful’ in the word ‘helpful’
Bound Morphemes:
Bound morphemes(黏着语素)
Root (词根)
Affix(词缀)
Derivational(派生词缀)
Inflectional(屈折词缀)
/ɪd/ /t / /d/
Morphological:
a & an
a book a red apple
an interesting book an apple
Thank you
语素变体是两个或更多个互补的语素在不同的语音或形态环境之 下的表现。
In another word, the variant forms of a morpheme are called its allomorphs.
Examples:
Phonological:
-ed: spotted walked rolled
The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology.
A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone. When it stands by itself, it is considered a root because it has a meaning of its own and when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea, it is an affix because it has a grammatical function.
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