附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则（I）元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则● 元音字母的发音（一）元音字母a1. 重读开音节 [ei] paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face2. 重读闭音节 [?] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass（*例外：any一些[e] ;many许多[e]）3. 非重读音节 [?]或[i]即：[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ； palace ; private ；necklace *连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。
如上的ladder,village .4.在字母w或wh后面，发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;(*例外：water水[?:])5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]即：dance ;France ; chanceask ;mask ;task ;basketclass ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——（*例外：mass[?]）fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外：maths[?])(二)元音字母e1.重读开音节 [i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening2.重读闭音节 [e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo3.非重读音节 [i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;（三）元音字母i或y1.重读开音节 [ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide ;2.重读闭音节 [i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;3.非重读音节 [i] unit ;study(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节 [?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;2.重读闭音节 [?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;3.非重读音节 [?] purpose ; concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom[?])love ; dove ; glove ; above ; anothermother ; brother ; become ; some5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（单数）; women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）（五）元音字母u1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube2.重读闭音节 [?]或[u]即：[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us[u]——put ; full ; pull4. 非重读音节 [?] autumn ;August ; support●元音字母组合的拼读规则（一）元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain ; train ; brain ; painday ; may ; play ; stay ; lay*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday2.al+绝大多数辅音字母 [?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk或[?: l] also ; always*al后面是k时，只发[?:]al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm-al在词尾非重读[（?）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后[?l])3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France在非重读时[?ns] importance ；performance ；ambulance4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ；peasant5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?])6.-age 一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])9.-ast一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste10.-ath一般[a: θ] bath ; path ; (*但maths[?θ])或[a: ?] father ; rather ; (*但gather[??])11.-au一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?])-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter(*例外：laugh[l a: f])12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star 在字母w或音[w]后面时 [?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter 在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair17.-able 一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable(二)元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal -ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant -ea[i?] real ; really-ea[ei] great ; break2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see *但是一个例外：coffee[i]3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher特殊读法[a:] clerk5.-ere [i?] here ; mere-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard-ear [a:] heart* tear作为动词时，发[ε?]7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; weight-ei [ai] height-ei [i:] receive8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey-ey重读[i:] key-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw-ew还可以发[?u] sew10.-ege [id?] college11.-est [i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed（三）元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve -ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; r etired ; wire5.-ild [aild] child ; wild6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind])7.-ing [i?] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making8.-(a)tion [(ei) ?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition-stion [t?n] question-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命 ; precision精密9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye ; bye-bye10.-ist[i s t] list ; fist ;(四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad-oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oilboy ; toy ; joy ; loyal3.-oo一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。