第十章并列句、祈使句、感叹句、反意问句及强调句句子是一个能相对独立的表达出完整思想的语言单位。
只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分的句子称为简单句。
简单句包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
小结句式实例简单句陈述句He didn't go to school yesterday.疑问句一般疑问句Did you find the way to do it?特殊疑问句What did you want?选择疑问句Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?反意疑问句It's said he has been abroad, isn't it?祈使句Make yourself at home.感叹句What fine weather!并列句表增补He likes playing football and he plays well.表转折School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.表选择Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.表因果He has many good friends, for he is an honest man.强调句It is/was ... that/who ...It was in the park that she lost her necklace. do/did/doesDo be careful next time.He did tell all that had happened to him.She does get up early考点归纳考点1：并列句含有两个或两个以上相互并列主谓结构的句子叫做并列句。
各分句靠连词和分号等来连接。
并列句可分为四类：1.表示增补关系。
常用的连词有：and, neither ... nor, not only ... but also, as well as 等。
2.表示选择关系。
常用的连词有：or, either ... or, whether ... or, otherwise等。
3.表示转折关系。
常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while等。
4.表示因果关系。
常用的连词有：so, for等。
[例]1. —I don't like chicken ________ fish.—I don't like chicken, ________ I like fish very much.A. and; andB. and; butC. or; andD. or; but2. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem ________ they themselves couldn't.A. onceB. thenC. whileD. if3. Tommy caught the school bus, ________.A. and Jane did neitherB. but so did JaneC. and Jane didn't eitherD. but Jane didn't4. My name is Robert, ________ most of my friends call me Bob for short.A. thenB. insteadC. howeverD. but5. We must get up early tomorrow, ________ we'll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.A. soB. orC. butD. however6. Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise答案：1. D2. C3. D4. D5. B6. C考点2：祈使句祈使句用以表达命令、要求、请求或劝告等，谓语动词用原形，主语you 通常省略。
在“祈使句+ and/or ...”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and 后的句子表示结果。
如： Take more exercise and you’ll feel healthy. = If you take more exercise, you'll feel healthy.“祈使句and/or +陈述句”这种结构在使用的时候，要特别留意句中的连词and, or, otherwise以及标点符号——逗号。
一般来说，如果句中有连词，就是该种结构；如果句中没有连词而只有逗号，那么前半部分应是if 引导的条件状语从句，后半部分是主句。
祈使句有时也可用名词短语代替。
如：One more week, and we will accomplish the task.对祈使句的回答必须用一般将来时。
祈使句通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答时一般用will或won't。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致； No与won't保持一致。
二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。
在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
对祈使句的应答灵活多样，并无固定模式，应根据英语习惯具体对待。
例如：回答let型祈使句时，常可用"All right.""OK.""Yes, let's.""A good idea."等表示赞同，用"Sorry.""I'm afraid ..."等表示不赞同。
[例]7. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave8. ________ it with me, I'll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave9. (01北京春季) ________ at the door before entering, please.A. KnockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock10. (01上海春季) ________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give11. (2000北京春季) ________ some of this juice – perhaps you'll like it.A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried12. ________ down the radio – the baby's asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn答案：7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. D考点3：反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句+ 反意问句”构成。
在使用时主要有如下注意事项：1.如果陈述部分用肯定形式，反意问句要用否定形式；如果陈述部分用否定形式，反意问句则用肯定形式。
当陈述部分有no, never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定意义的副词时，反意问句应用肯定。
如：Heseldom goes to see a film, does he? 但如果陈述部分有加前缀或后缀而表示否定意义的词（如：careless, impossible, unfair, dislike等）时，反意问句应用否定。
如：He is always careless, isn’t he?2.当陈述部分有have/has/had to时，反意问句应用do 的相应形式。
如：They had to leave early, didn't they?3.当陈述部分有“used to +动词”时，反意问句应用usedn't 或didn't4.当陈述部分有ought to 时，反意问句应用oughtn't。
5.当陈述部分有must且must表示推测时，反意问句不用mustn't，而应根据句子表示的时态来确定：“must+ 动词原形”用来对目前的情况进行推测时，反意问句要与must之后的动词相一致。
如：You must be tired, aren't you?“must + have + 过去分词”用来表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测时，如果句子中有过去的时间状语，反意问句用助动词didn't。
否则用haven't 或hasn't。
如：He must have done it last night, didn't he?Tom must have been to Shanghai before, hasn't he?6.当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, nobody, one, none 等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用they；当陈述部分的主语是something, everything, nothing等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用it.7.一般情况下，当陈述部分为祈使句句型时，肯定祈使句后面的反意问句用will/won't you?否定祈使句后面的反意问句用will you?而当陈述部分为以Let's开头的祈使句时，后面的反意问句用shall we?当陈述部分为以Let us开头的祈使句时，后面的反意问句用will you?8.当陈述部分是“I/We think/believe/suppose/imagine +宾语从句”时，反意问句应对宾语从句进行提问。
若有否定转移，则反意问句用肯定形式。
如：I imagine that the students like her, don't they?I don't think he can finish his homework in time, can he?I don't believe she knows it, does she?若陈述部分主语不是第一人称，则反意问句的形式由主句部分确定。