Unit Eight: The InternetUnit Eight/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. research2. ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers3. router; gateway4. temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated5. ISP或Internet service provider6. network; host7. decimal8. mnemonicII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址mnemonic address12. 网吧cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址host address20. 硬件与软件支持hardware and software supportIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections.Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. Whena company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the companyplaced a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to each end of that single connection.The U.S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of this single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a different method of sending information through multiple channels. In this method, files and messages are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences, and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called the ARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed and efficiency.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。
不少人认为，是万维网（WWW或简称the Web）为这个全球网络提供了“制胜法宝”。
万维网被视为因特网的内容，它通过使用管理与链接文本、图形、声音和视频的一套丰富工具来提供各种信息。
在万维网上提供和查看信息，是使用服务器应用程序和客户应用程序完成的。
如果你已经探索过万维网，你就会看出客户端应用程序就是万维网浏览器。
万维网浏览器接收、解释和显示来自万维网的网页信息。
用户可以在网页之内浏览，可以通过点击超文本链接跳到其他网页，也可以指向万维网上的几乎任何网页。
Unit Nine: Mobile and Cloud ComputingUnit Nine/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. cluster; utility2. Internet3. intranet4. hybrid5. private; public6. multi-core; disk7. desktops8. physicalII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. server farm 大型机服务器2. access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3. storage area network 存储区域网（络）4. high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5. server cluster 服务器集群6. public cloud 公共云7. grid computing 网格计算8. security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9. social networking 社交网络10. utility computing 效用计算11. 云计算提供商cloud computing provider12. 存储芯片memory chip13. 基于内部网的私有云intranet-based private cloud14. 网络带宽network bandwidth15. 混合云hybrid cloud16. 磁盘阵列disk array17. 软件即服务Software as a Service (SaaS)18. 集群计算cluster computing19. 虚拟化计算机资源virtualized computer resources20. 多核处理器multi-core processorIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastructure layer is deployed first to support IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) services. This layer serves as the foundation for building the platform layer of the cloud for supporting PaaS (Platform as a Service) services. In turn, the platform layer is a foundation for implementing the application layer for SaaS applications.The infrastructure layer is built with virtualized compute, storage, and network resources.The abstraction of these hardware resources is meant to provide the flexibility demanded by users. Internally, virtualization realizes automated provisioning of resources and optimizes the infrastructure management process. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. This layer provides users with an environment to develop their applications, to test operation flows, and to monitor execution results and performance. In a way, the virtualized cloud platform serves as a “system middleware (中间件)”between the infrastructure and application layers of the cloud. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. Service applications in this layer include daily office management work. The application layer is also heavily used by enterprises in business marketing and sales, consumer relationship management, financial transactions, and supply chain management.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:云计算动态供应硬件、软件和数据集，以此方式按需应用一个拥有弹性资源的虚拟化平台。