动词不定式的基本用法一、概述动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

其形式如下：（主动形式）◆一般式（not）to do一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.我希望再见到你。

_____________________________________________________◆完成式（not）to have done完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

He seems to have caught a cold.很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。

____________________________________________◆进行式（not）to be doing进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.他假装在学习。

_______________________________________________________________二、动词不定式的语法功能（一）作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

____________________________________________________________________★常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish…2）动词+疑问词+ toPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind_________________________.★常用的动词有decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell …（二）作补语：1. 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

老师建议我们每天大声读英语。

________________________________________★常见的动词有advise, allow, believe, cause, drive, encourage, forbid, force, hire, inform, instruct, invite, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, select, send, tell, warn…2. 动词+宾语+不定式(to be )We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

________________________________________________________________★常用的动词有acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose…（三）作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：1. 把不定式置于句首。

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.眼见为实。

_________________________________________________________2. 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。

It's our duty to take good care of the old.听到你的声音真高兴。

_________________________________________（四）作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.Our work is serving the people.（五）作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.①关于这个问题你有什么话要说吗？__________________________________________?（六）作状语：常作目的状语搭配有only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此…以便……)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

我来仅仅是向你告别。

____________________________________________________三、强化练习（一）根据中文意思，完成下列句子1. 很难知道未来是什么样子。

______________ what the future will be like is difficult.= It is difficult ___________ what the future will be like.2. 眼见为实。

To see is _____________________.3. 他答应不把这件事告诉任何人。

He has _______________________ anybody about it.4. 你有什么话要说吗？Have you anything ___________________________ ?5. 为了通过考试，我们得努力学习。

We must work hard in order __________________.6. 请提醒我关门。

Please remind me ___________________________________.7. 他身体太差，不能上学。

He was too weak __________________________________.8. 活到老，学到老。

It’s never too old _______________________.9. 这本书很难懂。

This book is difficult ________________________.10. 我发现在三个小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。

I find it impossible ___________________________________________________.（二）选择最佳答案1. My pets take me a lot of time _______________.A. look afterB. to look afterC. to lookD. looking for\2. The medicine is ______________ three times a day.A. to be takenB. to takeC. to have takenD. to have been taken3. ---- Is Bob still performing?---- I am afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already, as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left4. The chair man thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. thatB. itC. thisD. him5. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____ at the party, but not ___.A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave6. You were silly not _____________ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7. _________ this cake, you ‘ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making8. The teacher asked us ___________ so much noise.A. don’t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make9. The building __________ by the building team from Anhui Province next month is a new school.A. to buildB. to be builtC. builtD. being built10. I don’t know whether you happen ________ it, but I’m going to study in the USA this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have hear。