【解析】ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ查动词的语态。and前后连接相同格式的句子成分。后 半句的主语是代词they，谓语动词是give，根据句意应是“他们 被提供机会决定是否要参与研究”，故使用被动语态。
语态
• 主动语态改为被动语态的方法
Many people speak English． English is spoken by many people.
now
future
• 过去某个时间之前一直进行的动作 I had been looking for it for days before I found it. At that point, he realized what he had been doing all along.
完成进行时态
past
A. Has worked
B. worked
C. works
D. had worked
【解析】句意为“史密斯先生曾经在我们学校做了20年老师，他 现在是市长”。
一般过去时
一般过去时用法： ① 表肯定：主语+动词过去式+其他
He went shopping yesterday. ② 表否定：主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其他
真题解析
Potential subjects should be informed of the research and
D an opportunity to decide if they want to participate.
A. gave
B. giving
C. give
D. be given
now
future
将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing
• 动作在某种情况下一直持续到将来某个时间仍未结束。 By the end of this year he will have been acting for thirty years.
05 语态 Voice
语态
A. Has worked
B. worked
C. works
D. had worked
【解析】句意为“史密斯先生曾经在我们学校做了20年老师，他 现在是市长”。
模拟题解析
Mr. Smith, who B as a teacher in our school for about 20
years, is now our mayor.
• 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 • 语态是通过动词的变化表现出来的。 (1) 主动语态：谓语的动作源自主语，施加于宾语。
I made mistakes. (2) 被动语态：助动词be + (及物动词)过去分词
Mistakes were made.
真题解析
Potential subjects should be informed of the research and
【解析】句意为“Marsha一直记得而且也将永远记得她作为一个 公民所应有的明白自己的道德责任。”
过去完成时
过去完成时 had done
past
now
future
•过去完成时指过去已经完成，“过去的过去”。 用法：必须与表示过去某一时间点的时间状语连用
When I woke up, it had stopped raining. By the end of last year, my father had worked in the company for 20 years.
【高中语法】 时态与语态
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
时态与语态
• 一般时态 • 进行时态 • 完成时态 • 完成进行时态 • 主动语态 • 被动语态
将来进行时态
用法： ① 将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或会延续到将来的动作
What will you be doing at this time next Monday. I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. ② 将来预定的动作、预测或打算 Tommorrow I will be flying to Bambay. ③ 表原因或结果 Stop the child or he will be falling over.
过去进行时态
用法： ① 常和时间状语then, at that time/moment等连用。
We were watching TV at that time.
② 与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用，延续性动词用过去进行时， 非延续性动词用一般过去时。 When I saw him he was cleaning his room.
at 1:20 p.m.
模拟题解析
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 3753
15:30.
A. will take
B. takes
C. is taking
D. has taken
off at
【解析】考查时态。飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现 在时表示将来。
an opportunity to decide if they want to participate.
A. gave
B. giving
C. give
D. be given
【解析】考查动词的语态。and前后连接相同格式的句子成分。后 半句的主语是代词they，谓语动词是give，根据句意应是“他们 被提供机会决定是否要参与研究”，故使用被动语态。
【解析】句意为“Marsha一直记得而且也将永远记得她作为一个 公民所应有的明白自己的道德责任。”
真题解析
D conscious of her moral obligations as a citizen. A. Marsha was and always will be B. Marsha has to be and always will be C. Marsha had been and will always be D. Marsha has been and will always be
She is making fire now. They are planting trees on the hill these days. ② 表计划或安排将要发生的动作 Jane and Berry are going on holiday in a few days. ③ 表重复的动作 She is always complaining. (抱怨口吻) The train is arriving late almost every day this summer.
完成时态
past
now
future
将来完成时 will/shall have done
•将来某一时间前已经完成的动作 (“到时已经完成”)。 用法：必须与将来的时间点连用。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. We will have been married a year on June 25th.
一般现在时
一般现在时的用法： ③ 客观存在或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east. Love is blind.
【注意】一般现在时谓语用动词原 形，第三人称单数-s/-es。
④ 按照计划或时间表将要发生的动作。 The plane takes off at 11:30 a.m. and arrives in Shanghai
• 过去开始的动作，到现在还在延续或重复 I have been waiting for you for about one hour. We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
过去完成进行时
past
过去完成进行时 had been doing
04
完成进行时态
Perfect Continuous Tense
完成进行时态
过去完成进行时 had been doing
past
now
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
将来完成时 will/shall have done
future
现在完成进行时
past
now
future
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
He didn't go shopping yesterday. ③一般疑问：Did+主语+动词原形+其他
Did he go shopping yesterday? ④特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他
What did he do yesterday?
一般将来时
• 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I will always love you. I will go shopping with you tomorrow.
(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作。 He proposed to Sarah on their annivesary.