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初中英语语法:一般现在时

一般现在时讲解和练习一、定义:一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

例:( 1) .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。

2) .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。

3) .表示客观现实。

The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

二、一般现在时常用时间状语、时间副词in the morning/afternoon/eveningevery week (day, year, month⋯)on Sundays (Monday, Tuesday⋯)at night, once a week,.always 总是 , usually 通常 , often 经常 , sometimes 有时 , never 从不三、用法:1.肯定句:ἀp ̀]娀z 紀v 1)句中有 be(am,is, are)和情态动词时,be 动词时,主语是 I 时要用 am,主语是 you 时要用 are,其他用 is。

② 是情态动词时,后面的动词用原型③例: I am a student.You are very beautiful.She is my best friend.He can do his homework by himself.(2)没有be(am,is, are)动词和情态动词:主语为第三人称单数( she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的,动词要按规则加上 s 或 es;主语是复数可数名词的肯定句,动词用原形。

例:① She( He, It ) likes fish.她(他,它)喜欢鱼。

(主语为第三人称单数)② The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。

(主语为单数可数名词 )③ Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在 100 度沸腾。

(主语为不可数名词)They go to school every day . 他们每天都去上学。

(主语是复数可数名词的,动词用原形)注意的问题:第三人称单数以及第三人称单数时动词的变化规则在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加 -s 或 -es。

但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下:1、人称代词he, she, it 是第三人称单数。

如:He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。

She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。

2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。

如:①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

② Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③ Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。

3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+ 单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。

如:A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

② This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

①That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。

④ The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

4、不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词 this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。

如:(Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

③ This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

④ That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。

5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。

如:The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

② The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。

如:"6" is a lucky number. "6" 是个吉利数字。

② "I" is a letter. "I" 是个字母。

动词 +s 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: cook-cooks, make-makesruns gets likes collets takes plays climbs 2.以 s. x. sh. ch.o 结尾,加 -es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―辅音字母 +y ‖结尾,变y 为 i, 再加 -es,如: study-studies方法与发音:1.一般情况下,直接加-seg. works, plays, rains, sees2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加–eseg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的,先把 ?y‘改成 ?i ‘再,加 -eseg. studies, flies, carries注意 : 动词加-s 以后的读音 .动词加 -s 后的读音1.在 [p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后,发清辅音/s/eg. helps, works, likes, hates ,laughs2.在浊辅音和元音后,发浊辅音/z/eg. drives, cleans, plays3.在 [s] [z] [t?]∫[d]?][后,发/iz/rises, wishes, teaches, urges4.在 [t] [d] 后,发/ts//dz/eg. fits, sets, needs其他情况下发 [z]eg. plans, cries, shows练习 11. Jenny _____ in an office. Her parents _____in a hospital.A work; worksB works; workC work; are workingD is working;work 2. One of the boys_______ a black hat. A have B there is Cthere are D has3. Wang Mei ______ music and often ______ to music.A like; listenB likes; listensC like; are listeningD liking ; listen①Jenny______ English every evening.A has studyB studiesC studyD studied①The teachers ________(speak) English in class.①The teacher ________(speak) English in class.2.否定句:(1) 句中有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时,否定句在 be 动词和情态动词后加not,I am not a teacher. He can not fly .(2) 句中没有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句,在动词原形前加 does + not (doesn ‘。

t)He doesn ‘ t like cats.(3) 句中没有be 动词 (am , is , are ) 或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时,主语为复数可数名词的否定句,在动词原形前加do + not (don ‘。

t)They don ‘ t go to school on Sundays.练习 21. The cat _________(not like) you.2.Brian(not live) in China.3.The picture ______ nice.A. don ‘ t lookB. is lookedC. doesn‘ t lookD. is lookingI have many books.( 改为否定句) _________________________5.厦门不下雪。

__________________________________________6.她不看新闻。

__________________________________________7.我妈妈不喜欢吃肉 ______________________________________3.疑问句:(1)句中有 be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时,一般疑问句将 be 动词或情态动词放在句首。

由肯定句变为一般疑问句的步骤:. 把 be 动词( am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 提前。

② .大写和小写的转换,句首的第一个字母要大写。

③ .句末要加问号。

例:肯定句: She is a student . 疑问句: Is she a student ?肯定句 : He can swim.疑问句:Can he swim? .疑问句的回答:用什么问就用什么来回答。

Is she a student ? Yes, she is . No, she isn‘ t.Can you swim?Yes, I can .Yes, I can‘ t.(2) 句中如果没有be 动词 (am , is , are )或情态动词 (may , can , must , should) 时,主语为第三人称单数( she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的疑问句要用 does 来提问。

即在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形例:— Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗?—Yes, he does.是的,他喜欢(汉语 )。

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