杨浦区2015高三英语二模卷英语试卷2015. 4II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Dogs are called “man’s best friend.” Now a study shows new reasons (25) ______ they really are our best pals. Researchers at UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, say that dogs (26) ______ be good for people’s health.The study focused on 76 patients who were in the hospital for heart problems. First the patients (27) ______ (split) into three groups. Some were visited by human volunteers with dogs. (28) ______ were visited by people only. The third group had no visitors. Then the researchers wrote down how the patients felt before, during, and after the visit.Researchers found that dog visits (29) ______ (make) the patients feel better. Patients who had been visited by dogs felt 24 percent less scared. Those patients who were visited by just people felt only 10 percent less scared. After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (30) ______ (well).It is not news to pet lovers that furry friends can help people feel happier. But before the study there was little proof (31) ______ therapy animals make us healthier. Nurse Kathie M. Cole was a member of the UCLA Medical Center study. She hopes that doctors and hospitals see the good effects (32) ______ using therapy animals.“Dogs are a great comfort,” said Cole. “They make people happier,calmer, and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well.”(B)A couple had two little boys, (33) ______ were excessively naughty. They were always getting into trouble and their parents knew that, (34) ______ anything terrible occurred in their town, their sons were probably involved.The boys’mother heard that a clergyman (牧师) in town had been successful in (35) ______ (discipline) children, so she asked (36) ______ he would speak with her boys. The clergyman agreed, but asked to see them individually. So the mother sent her 8-year-old first, in the morning, with the older boy to see the clergyman in the afternoon.The clergyman, (37) ______ huge man with a booming voice, sat the younger boy down and asked him sternly, “Where is God?”The boy made no response, (38) ______ (sit) there with his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed. So the clergyman repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?”Again the boy made no attempt (39) ______ (answer). So the clergyman raised his voice even more and shook his finger in the boy’s face and shouted, “Where is God?”The boy screamed, ran directly home and dove into his closet, slamming the door behind him. When his older brother found him in the closet, he asked, “What happened?”The younger brother, gasping for breath, (40) ______ (reply), “We are in big trouble this time. God is missing -- and they think we did it!”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. availableB. legallyC. incorrectD. deniedE. blocksF. labeledG. tie H. roughly I. birth J. appropriate K. limitsDear Editor,Most public libraries now offer all visitors, kids and adults alike, free access to all sites on the Internet. Just like any powerful tool, __41__ must be placed on it. After all, not all sites are good for children or appropriate for them. Some are violent. Some, in the name of free speech, say irresponsible things. Others feature __42__ information for research. And many should be __43__ “For Adults Only.”In 2000, there were 7 .1 million publicly __44__ sites on the Web, with over 200 new adult sites added each day. Couple this figure with the fact that there are __45__ 200 million American children under the age 18 with Internet access, and you have a recipe for disaster.Back in l967, the American Library Association (ALA) passed a resolution（决议）that stated “a person’s right to use a library should not be __46__ …because of origin, age, background, or views.” Some groups argue that this resolution gives children the right to free and total access to the Internet and its unsuitable sites.This resolution was fine in the past, but it never considered the __47__ of the Internet. Besides, the ALA isn’t a government agency. It has no power to pass laws, and its resolutions are not __48__ binding（有约束力的）.We must pass real laws that __49__ U .S. government funds for library computers to the use of software that __50__ out offensive material online. If the libraries don’t use the software, then they don’t get computers.As a working parent, I can’t be with my child every time he turns on the computer. I don’t expect libraries to be babysitters. But I do expect them to work with me, not against me, in making sure my child is protected from adult-only and other irresponsible sites.Sincerely,Julie RichardsonRedding, CaliforniaIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How many New Year’s resolutions have been made, only to dissolve before the end of the month or even the week? As we all know, making a decision is easy, but being consistent is not. This is __51__ true when a sense of achievement is not enough __52__ to reach a goal. Dean Karlan, an economics professor at Yale University, knows all too well that people don’t always follow through with what they say they want to do. __53__, provided with the right incentives (奖励、激励), people are more likely to __54__ their goals, such as losing weight or exercising __55__. Mr Karlan believes, __56__ on his own experience and years of research, that commitment contracts help people __57__ commitment they would not otherwise keep.Karlan brainstormed about his idea with a fellow professor and a student at Yale. Together, they soon __58__ , a website where people __59__ commitment contracts. The second K in stickK is the shorthand symbol for contract used in legal documents. In a contract, a person usually agrees to place a bet on a certain goal. If the goal is not reached by a __60__, the amount of money that is bet is __61__ to a charity, a friend, or even a(n) __62__. Losing money is a very __63__ threat as well as a strong incentive. That is why people that are eager to get rid of those unwanted pounds __64__ give out their credit card information when they place their bets on stick. Office workers, college students, and even athletes have had __65__ taking advantage of this service. If you still need stimuli to lose weight this year, rush to stick, place a bet, and start exercising right away.51. A. gradually B. obviously C. especially D. desperately52. A. demonstration B. motivation C. preparation D. instruction53. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. However D. Anyway54. A. attempt B. keep C. abandon D. achieve55. A. regularly B. automatically C. willingly D. formally56. A. focused B. based C. relied D. taken57. A. adapt to B. worry about C. hold on D. stick to58. A. set B. entered C. founded D. activated59. A. sign B. dissolve C. renew D. break60. A. degree B. deadline C. requirement D. force61. A. donated B. voted C. sponsored D. exchanged62. A. relative B. team C. opponent D. owner63. A. dangerous B. economic C. vivid D. realistic64. A. urgently B. readily C. responsibly D. randomly65. A. terrible experience B. good relationshipC. negative influenceD. great successSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Rock climbing might seem extremely dangerous, but most climbers know what they’redoing. Over the years, climbers know what they’re doing. Over the years, climbers have developed knowledge and techniques that allow them to conquer rocks safely. There are different kinds of rock climbing, and it’s mainly based on the equipment used. The two main categories are aid climbing and free climbing. Aid climbing uses equipment, such as screws (螺丝钉) inserted into rocks, to help climbers pull themselves to the top. In free climbing, most climbers use equipment only to protect themselves from falling; they don’t use any tool to help them climb up the rock. In free climbing, it’s all about skill, strength, and knowledge.You might think that muscles are the most important factors in this extreme sport. Not so, says Jeremy Norin, a rock climber in US. “You can’t muscle your way through climbing no matter how hard you try,” he says. More important factors are balance, coordination, and the ability to make your body tense, which helps climbers pull themselves up. Norin also says that lower-body strength is actually more important than upper-body strength. One of the best climbers Norin knows can only do seven pull-ups, but he has no problems climbing up some of the most rugged rock faces around.Although some climbers have mastered the sport, beginners are welcome. Start with bouldering, a kind of climbing without a rope that take place on a rock three to five meters tall, so that falling won’t result in serious injury. Believe me – it won’t seem that low when you are looking down from the top.66. The main difference between aid climbing and free climbing lies in ______.A. the function of the equipmentB. the way climbers keep balanceC. the rocks climbers choose to conquerD. the strength climbers use67. Which of the following statements is TRUE about free climbing?A. Screws are required so climbers can pull themselves up.B. Skill, strength and knowledge play a great role in it.C. Climbers are not allowed to use any kind of tools.D. The rules are not so strict as those of aid climbing.68. What can we learn from the example of the climber Norin knows (in para. 2)?A. Conquering rocks has nothing to do with strength.B. Muscles are the most important factors in rock climbing.C. The more pull-ups a climber does, the tenser his body will be.D. Upper-body strength is not as important as lower-body strength.69. The writer suggests that beginners should ______.A. first take a basic level courseB. overcome the fear of heightC. climb without a rope to a lower heightD. learn to protect themselves from injury(B)Elephant RidingAt Thom's Elephant Camp we take great pride in our animals! We have happy Elephants.Just being close to one of these beautiful giants is simply amazing; riding bareback into the mountains, high up on Ot, Pom Paem or Tutdao — feeling the sway (摇摆) of their gait as they move sure-footedly through the jungle is a wonderful adventure.Bathing in the river with the elephants and playing with them in the water is an experience you will neverforget!You can choose treks of between one and three hours;choose to ride with or without a seat and afterwards, if you care to, play with them in the river and feed them.Round off your day by bathing in our hot tubs — the water comes directly from Tha Pai Hot Springs.Bamboo RaftingBamboo rafting is an experience you should not miss. Our bamboo rafting trips are a great way to see more of everyday rural life in the countryside of traditional Thailand. As you float along the Pai River with your guide, you can observe local farmers at work, children playing on the river banks, explore the beautiful scenery along the river and see wildlife and birds of the area. Traveling by traditional bamboo rafts means that you can enjoy your trip without disturbing locals or animals with noise, without polluting the river, or damaging the environment. If you love nature and are fascinated by its beauty, Bamboo rafting is definitely an option that you should try.Our popular one-day tour combines elephant riding in the morning and bamboo rafting in theafternoon, and includes lunch at the camp, bathing in our hot tubs, transportation and insurance. You are sure to have a fantastic day out!70. The tourist information is most likely to be found in ______ column.A. Elephant TrainingB. Tours and PricesC. Camping and SpaD. Elephant Show71. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The elephants at the camp are of good temper.B. Riding bareback is not as safe as riding with a seatC. Tourists are not allowed to feed elephants in the jungle.D. It is dangerous to ride an elephant because it can’t walk steadily.72. Bamboo rafting trip is highly recommended because tourists can ______.A. bathe in the river and play with childrenB. float on the river without making any noiseC. see the everyday rural life of the local peopleD. learn more about the wildlife in Thailand from their guide73. Which of the following is NOT included in a one-day trip?A. Enjoying a hot springB. Lunch at the camp.C. Pick-up service in the camp.D. Bamboo weaving.(C)Students wishing to safeguard their careers against changes in the job market should choose science rather than arts degrees, according to a survey of undergraduates. Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most “future proof”, as they are courses most likely to lead to an enduring and adaptable career.Students polled by a college were broadly optimistic（乐观的）that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dramatically during their working lives.But opinion was sharply divided over which degrees were best for future-proof careers.Eighty-two per cent of respondents believed engineering would help develop future-proof skills, with 74 per cent believing the same of chemistry and 73 per cent of computer science. But just 33 per cent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a future-proof career, and 40 per cent English.However more than two thirds of students - 67 per cent - thought the world of work would be significantly different or completely unrecognisable in 20 years.The findings, published today, come after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy（争论）with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and choose science or maths subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs.She said that in previous decades students would only take maths or science if they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy, but nowadays that “couldn’t be further from the truth”.“If you wanted to do something different, or eve n if you didn’t know what you wanted to do…then the arts and humanities were what you chose. Because they were useful – we were told – for all kinds of jobs. Of course now we know that coul dn’t be further from the truth, and that the subjects that keep you ng people’s options open and unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) subjects.”She also described maths as the subject that employers value most and said that pupils who study A-level maths will earn 10 per cent more over their lifetime.“These figures show us that too many young people are making choices at the age of 15 which will hold them back for the rest of their lives,” she said.74. According to most students, what will the world of work be like in 20 years?A. The same as it is now.B. Greatly different from what it is now.C. Dramatically challenging.D. More open with a wider range of jobs.75. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “steer clear of”?A. keep away fromB. be familiar withC. have a good command ofD. catch up with76. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. Students who choose science have a wide choice of careers excluding medicine andpharmacy.B. Few students are satisfied with their chosen courses, for they don’t help developfuture-proof skills.C. Arts and humanities used to be considered as future-proof degrees unlocking doors tomany careers.D. 73% of the respondents are studying computer science, believing it leads to enduringcareer.77. Which of the following is FALSE about the students who choose maths?A. They will enjoy more job opportunities after graduation.B. They are likely to earn more money if they study A-level maths.C. They will likely be favored by employers over students of other majors.D. They are learning a subject that will hold them back in the future.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Do you feel stressed if your phone is not in sight?Don’t be. Just the sight of your mobile phone can distract（转移，分心）you – even if you have turned it off and put it on the table, researchers from the University of Southern Maine in the US have found.The researchers asked two groups of students to carry out two different tasks which require paying attention.First, they were given a page of 20 rows of numbers and asked to circle one number in particular whenever they saw it.Second, they had to do the same and also cross off any two numbers in different rows that were next to each other and added up to the target number.During both experiments, half the students kept their phones on their desks and the other half put them out of sight.Those who put their phones in their pocket or their bag got an average of 20 percent higher in the test.We love using phones so much that it’s becoming a problem, previous studies have found.An Android app followed how many times its 150,000 users checked their phone per day in 2013. The average figure was 110 times.A team at Baylor University in the US published a study in September saying that femalestudents spent an average of 10 hours a day texting, e-mailing and on social media, while male students spent nearly eight.Why are we behaving like this? People want a “constant connectivity”, said Bill Thornton, a social psycholog ist at the University of Southern Maine in the US. Many “check their phones when they wake up and as the last thing before they go to bed”, he told the Daily Mail.Such behavior is bad for “our ability to maintain attention”, he added. Also, we react more slowly as a result.If you are always getting distracted by your phone, here’s some advice for you: create a no-phone time zone.First, find out at least two hours of your day when you’re most productive. Then turn off your phone and stay completely dedicated to the work you have to do.Oh yes, and don’t forget to put the phone away as well.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The result of the two experiments shows that______________________________________.79. Girl students ______________________ than boys in texting, e-mailing and on socialmedia.80. According to social psychologists, what leads to the high frequency of checking phonesand long screen time?_________________________________________________________________81. How can people avoid being distracted in their most productive hours?_________________________________________________________________第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 仔细检查作文的话，许多拼写错误是可以避免的。