Obama will propose vast expansion of Pacific Ocean marine sanctuaryPresident Obama on Tuesday will announce his intent to make a broad swath of the central Pacific Ocean off-limits to fishing,energy exploration and other activities,according to senior White House officials.美国总统奥巴马周二将宣布他打算制作一个广泛的中央太平洋禁止钓鱼、能源勘探和其他活动,根据白宫高级官员。
The proposal,slated to go into effect later this year after a comment period,could create the world’s largest marine sanctuary and double the area of ocean globally that is fully protected.这项提议,计划今年晚些时候生效后评论时间,可以创建世界上最大的海洋保护区和全球海洋面积的两倍,完全保护。
Obama has used his executive authority11times to safeguard areas on land,but scientists and activists have been pressing him to do the same for untouched underwater regions.President George W.Bush holds the record for creating U.S.marine monuments,declaring four during his second term,including the one that Obama plans to expand.11次奥巴马用他的行政机关为维护地区在陆地上,但是科学家们和活动家一直敦促他做同样的水下区域。
美国总统乔治•布什(George w.Bush)是记录创建海洋纪念碑,宣布四个在他的第二个总统任期内,包括奥巴马计划扩大。
Under the proposal,the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument would be expanded from almost87,000square miles to nearly782,000square miles—all of it adjacent to seven islands and atolls controlled by the United States.The designation would includewaters up to200nautical miles offshore from the territories.提议下,太平洋偏远岛屿的海洋国家纪念碑将从近87000平方公里扩大到近782000平方英里——所有邻近7和岛礁被美国控制。
指定将包括海域200海里的海上领土“It’s the closest thing I’ve seen to the pristine ocean,”said Enric Sala,a National Geographic explorer-in-residence who has researched the area’s reefs and atolls since2005.“这是我看过的最原始的海洋,“恩里克·萨拉说,一位美国国家地理协会驻当地专家的研究自2005年以来该地区的珊瑚礁和环礁。
Obama has faced criticism from a variety of groups—including cattle ranchers,law enforcement officers and ATV enthusiasts—over his expansion of protections for federal lands.The ocean area under consideration,by contrast,encompasses uninhabited islands in a remote region with sparse economic activity.奥巴马面临的各种团体的批评,包括牛牧场主,执法人员和ATV爱好者——在他保护联邦土地的扩张。
相比之下,海洋面积考虑包括无人居住的岛屿在稀疏的偏远地区的经济活动。
Even so,the designation is expected to face objections from the U.S. tuna fleet that operates in the region.Fish caught in the area account for up to3percent of the annual U.S.tuna catch in the western and central Pacific,according to the Pew Charitable Trusts.When Bush created the monument in2009,he exempted sport fishing to address industry opposition.即便如此,指定将面临反对美国在该地区的金枪鱼船队运营。
鱼在该地区占3%的年度美国西部和中部太平洋金枪鱼捕捞,据皮尤慈善信托。
当布什在2009年创建了纪念碑,解决行业反对他免除运动钓鱼。
Podesta said a public comment period over the summer will allow the Commerce and Interior departments to“fully understand thecommercial activity out there”and modify the plan if necessary.波德斯塔说,公众评论期在夏季将允许商业和内部部门“充分了解商业活动”,并在必要时修改计划。
Kerry said Monday that the United States and other nations need to take bolder steps to protect marine habitat and combat other threats.“If this group can’t create a serious plan to protect the ocean forfuture generations,then who can and who will?”he asked during an appearance at a State Department oceans conference.克里周一说,美国和其他国家需要采取更大胆的措施来保护海洋栖息地和应对其他威胁。
“如果这组不能创建一个严肃的计划为子孙后代保护海洋,那么谁能和谁?”他问在appearanceat国务院海洋会议。
On Capitol Hill,some Republicans have sought to limit the administration’s ability to influence offshore activities,viewing it as another attempt by the president to test the limits of White House power.在国会山,一些共和党人试图限制政府的能力来影响海上活动,把它作为另一个总统试图测试白宫力量的极限“It’s another example of this imperial presidency,”House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Doc Hastings(R-Wash.) said in an interview,noting that Obama established a National Ocean Policy during his first term to coordinate competing interests at sea.“If there are marine sanctuaries that should be put in place,thatshould go through Congress.”“这是这个帝国总统的另一个例子,”众议院自然资源委员会主席Doc黑斯廷斯(R-Wash。
)在一次采访中说,他指出,奥巴马建立了一个国家海洋政策在他的第一任期在海上协调利益冲突。
“如果有海洋保护区应该到位,应该在国会通过。
”For the past51/2years,the administration has focused on the nuts and bolts of marine issues,aiming to end overfishing in federallymanaged fisheries and establishing a new planning process for maritime activities.This week’s State Department ocean summit launches what officials there call a broader“global campaign”to address the problems of overfishing,pollution and ocean acidification.过去51/2年,政府已经集中在螺母和螺栓的海洋问题,旨在结束在联邦政府过度捕捞渔业管理和建立一个新的海上活动的规划过程。
本周的国务院海洋峰会启动官员所说的更广泛的“全球行动”来解决过度捕捞的问题,污染和海洋酸化。
“When the president is besieged by the problems as this administration has faced,it’s tough to keep your focus on ocean policy,”said former defense secretary Leon E.Panetta,who co-founded the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative nearly a decade ago while in Congress.“That’s the problem—you just can’t afford to put oceans on the back burner.”“当总统是被作为本届政府一直面临的问题,很难把精力集中放在海洋政策,”前国防部长利昂·e·帕内塔说,他成立了联合海洋委员会倡议近10年前在国会。