8 A normal _p_re_g_n_a_n_c_y_ lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant) 9 Some children are anxious and seem to lack _re_a_s_s_u_r_an__ce_
when they first start school. (reassure)
Language in use
Word formation: -ancy and –ance
Words ending in -ancy refer to a state rather than to a person. For example, infancy refers to the state of being a small child. These words are often formed from adjectives or nouns (eg accountant – accountancy).
1 As war was announced, there was _c_o_n_si_d_e_ra_b_le__/_g_re_a_t_/__to_t_a_l _/_w_i_de_s_p_r_ea_d_ / _g_e_n_e_r_a_l _c_o_n_f_u_si_o_n_ when people were told to leave their homes.
2 Scientists now think that _e_n_d_u_ra_n_c_e_ tests, such as crosscountry running, are good for the older child’s health. (endure)
3 I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren’t many v_a_c_a_n_c_ie_s_ at the moment. (vacant)
Language in use
6 Mel can’t make his mind up about anything. His _h_e_si_t_an__ce_ is a bit worrying. (hesitant)
7 Even at nine months, one infant often wishes to give _a_s_si_s_ta_n_c_e_ to another infant. (assist)
4 If you have made an incorrect judgment of someone’s character, what have you done? You have made a misjudgment.
5 If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened? You have been misinformed about it.
2 Look at the sentence from the passage How empathy unfolds.
Children, they found, were more empathic when the discipline included calling strong attention to the distress their misbehaviour caused someone else …
Language in use
Collocations
3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
Language in use
Now complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ancy or -ance.
1 Despite being upset, infants show a_c_c_e_p_t_a_n_c_e of a new situation quite quickly. (accept)
Language in use
7 I can’t say why, but I had the _d_is_t_in_c_t__ _im__p_re_s_s_io_n_ that he was not telling the truth.
8 He finds it hard to say where he is, so travelling just _a_d_d_s_ _t_o_ his _co_n__fu_s_io_n_ .
The suffix -ance combines with some verbs to form nouns which refer to the action, process or state indicated by the verb. For example, disturbance is the state of being disturbed.
Language in use
Word formation: mis-
The prefix mis- usually means something wrong or incorrect. For example, if we mistranslate something, we translate it incorrectly. Mis- can be used before nouns and verbs.
4 The children’s _p_e_r_fo_r_m_a_n_c_e_ in motor mimicry fades at around two and a half years. (perform)
5 They have an extremely low _t_o_le_r_a_n_c_e of physical pain when they’re very young. (tolerate)
Language in use
1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets 2 Answer the questions 3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions 4 Translate the paragraph into Chinese 5 Translate the paragraph into English
6 To his surprise, his appeal to the
government
drew
a(n)
_d_ir_e_c_t_/_i_m_m__e_d_i_at_e__/ _p_o_s_it_i__n_se__ from a minister.
Language in use
Translation
4 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.
The Free Hugs Campaign in its present form was started by an Australian man Juan Mann in June 2004, when he began giving out hugs in the Pitt Street Mall in central Sydney. Juan’s mission was to reach out and hug a stranger to brighten up their lives. Juan had been living in London when his world turned upside down and he’d had to come home. By the time his plane landed back in Sydney, all he had left was a carry-on bag full of clothes and a world of troubles. So he got some cardboard and a marker and made a sign, with the words “Free Hugs” on both sides. He had to wait 15 minutes before an elderly lady came up to him and gave him a hug. Thanks to his friend Shimon Moore, lead singer for Sick Puppies, who recorded video footage of Juan and his fellow huggers, this campaign became famous around the world. Today the “Free Hug” campaign is gaining in popularity and is making the world a warmer place to live in.
2 What have you done with something if it’s in the wrong place? You have misplaced it.
3 What is the opposite of good fortune? Misfortune.
Language in use
Language in use
4 The findings _e_vo_k_e_d_ _re_s_p_o_n_s_e_swhich