Section ⅢGrammar——现在完成时和现在完成进行时一、现在完成时1．现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。
动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。
I've forgotten his telephone number.我忘记了他的电话号码。
(没法联系他了)I haven't finished reading this book yet，so I can't return it to the library.这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。
(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去。
常与so far，by now，up to now，since，for a long time，up till now，in the past/last few years 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has worked here for twenty years by now.到现在为止，他已经在这儿工作20年了。
Up to now，we have received no letters from her.到现在为止，我们没有收到她一封信。
[名师点津](1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。
(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态，故可以用来表示状态的持续。
(3)由since引导的时间状语中，since后面的时间名词必须是“时间点”，而不能是“时间段”；而for短语中的时间名词必须是“时间段”(有时for可省去)。
I've known him since 1980.我从1980年就认识他了。
I have learnt English (for) many years.我学英语已很多年了。
[即时演练1]用所给动词的适当形式填空①The price has gone (go)down，but I'm not sure whether it will remain so.②All the windows have been painted (paint)，and they look new.③I have read (read)many reports about the UFO recently.④In the last few years，China has made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.⑤His first novel has received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.2．现在完成时的常用句型(1)It/This is the first/second/...time that＋主语＋谓语部分(常用现在完成时)(2)It has been＋一段时间＋since...(3)It/This/That is the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)It is the first time that I've heard of the story about Crop Circles.这是我第一次听说麦田怪圈的故事。
This is the best film(that)I've ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.如果你做过这个实验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。
4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别①cleanWe cleaned the classroom just now.We have already cleaned the classroom.②workI worked in the factory for 3 years，now I run a restaurant.I have worked in the factory for 3 years.③—Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?—Well，I took (take) a test and I'm waiting for the result.二、现在完成进行时1．现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。
They have been living here for 10 years.他们住在这里10年了。
I have been waiting for you about half an hour.我等你大概半个小时了。
(2)表示动作的反复性。
They have been discussing the matter several times this year.他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。
(3)表示某种感情色彩。
I have been waiting to see you for a long time.长久以来，我一直等着见你。
[名师点津]表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have known him for years. (√)I have been knowing him for years. (×)[即时演练3]用所给动词的适当形式填空①—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing (write) his essay there ever since.②The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.③In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing (do) all they can over the past five hours.2．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别他写了一封信。
(信已写好)He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。
(信尚未完成)Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？(现实结果)Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？(动作的反复)My father has lost his keys.我父亲把钥匙丢了。
(陈述事实)My father has always been losing his keys.我父亲总是丢钥匙。
(“有责怪或无奈”之意)[即时演练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空①That famous painting has been missing (miss) for two weeks now.Police have been looking (look) for it.②I have been writing (write) the book，but I still haven't finished (not finish) it.③They have never learnt (learn) to swim.④We have been looking (look) forward to our summer vacation.Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Sorry，I'm full.I have had (have) supper already.2．Maria has been learning (learn) English for two years and she does well in it.3．Li Ming went (go) abroad last year.We haven't heard (not hear) from each other since then.4．Hello，Tom.I have been looking (look) for you all morning.Where have you been?5．We have been contributing(contribute)to the prosperity of national instruments of China with reasonable price，professional standard and high quality services.6．How many unexplained stories have you heard (hear)of?7．In the past few days，the detective has looked/has been looking (look) into the case.8．They have been building (build) the bridge base since last week.9．The boy has not shown (not show) up since he went missing.10．Danny has worked (work) hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．She lives in Beijing since she came to China.lives→has lived 2．They are friends for 10 years.are →have been3．In the last ten years，many changes took place in my hometown.took→have taken 4．I heard nothing from him up to now.heard前加have 5．His hands are very dirty，because he has painting the door.painting前加been 6．I have been drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.drunk→drinking 7．When I saw him, he has not eaten anything for two days.has→had 8．It is five years since Mr Smith come to teach in our school.come→came 9．I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam.passed前加have 10．The three of us have travelled around Europe for about a month last summer.去掉have。