I will graduate from LTP. 介词+宾语
I like coffee. 动词+宾语
I’m afraid that I will fail the exam. 形容词+宾语
句子成分3：宾语 练习：
1. He has never met her in person. 宾格代词
2. She handed him a book. him 宾格代词作间接宾语，a book 名词作 直接宾语。
3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( _y_e_ll_o_w__,形__容__词__。_________ )
4. He has become a police officer. ( _a_p_o_l_ic_e__o_ff_i_ce_r_,_名__词__。____ )
We think it meaningful that we became volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.
(it 作形式宾语，that 引导宾语从句作真正宾 语）
一、表语 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动
词, 如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系 动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词 类是形容词, 也可以名词、数词、极少数副 词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、分 词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成 谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year. ( _b_e_a_u_ti_f_u_l,_形__容__词__; _m_a_n__y_, 数__词__。_ )
2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( _o_n_t_h_e_d_e_s_k_,_介__词__短__语_。__ )
now. (it 作形式主语， that 引导主语从句）
Have a try
• Translate the sentences into Chinese. 6. 迎接新世纪的挑战很重要。 It’s necessary for us to meet the challenge of
the new century. (it 作形式主语，不定式短语做真正主语）
用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容 词性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、介 词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般 位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定 代词(如something)时, 或者是短语或定语 从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后 边。
练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定 语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、 数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语 从句)
动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情 态动词。
1. 实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作或状 态的动词，能单独做谓语。进一步可以分 为及物动词(如believe, lend, make, win等） 和不及物动词(如happen, sleep, work等）。
句子语，
7. His speech was boring.
( _b_o_r_in_g_,_现__在__分__词__。__ )
8. The whole class got excited at the good news.
( _ex_c_i_t_ed__, _过__去__分__词__。_ )
二、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定作
作真正的主语。
8. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It’s no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的 spill – spilt – spilt (使) 洒出，溢出 覆水难收。 It 作形式主语，crying over the spilt milk 动
练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是 由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词, 不定式, 分词, 还是表语从句)。
1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _o_n_t_h_e__d_e_sk_,_介__词__短__语__。__ )
2. The book isn’t mine. ( _m__in_e_,_名__词__性__物__主__代__词__。_ )
should, need, have to, ought to, dare等
句子成分2：谓语 练习：
1. His parents are teachers. 系动词+表语
2. The sun rises in the east. 实义动词（不及物动词）
3. We have finished reading the book. 助动词+动词过去分词
I think that learning English is important. (that 引导宾语从句，作宾语）
I consider it important to learn English. （it 作形式宾语，to learn English 不定式短
语作真正宾语）
Have a try
名词短语作真正的主语。
Have a try
• Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. 没什么是不可能的。 Nothing is impossible. (不定代词作主语) 2. 抱怨是没用的。 Complaining is useless. (动名词作主语） It is no use complaining. (it 作形式主语，complaining 动名词作真正主语）
容词性代词。
5. He is one of the students that have been late. (o_n_e_, _数_词__;_th_a_t_h_a_v_e__b_ee_n__la_t_e,_定__语__从_句_ )
又如：the old, the young
句子成分3：宾语 练习：
7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. it 作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语
8. We consider it no good getting up late. it 作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正的宾语
3. He likes to play basketball. 不定式短语作宾语
句子成分3：宾语 练习：
4. We enjoy listening to the music. 动名词短语作宾语
5. She said that she felt sick. 宾语从句作宾语
6. They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词作宾语
句子成分2：谓语 3. 助动词：have, be, do 等。 助动词一般没有
意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主 要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑 问句。
如：He is waiting for the bus.
He has made up his mind.
Do you love me? 4. 情态动词：can, could, may, might, must,
句子成分2：谓语 练习：
4. You ought to work harder. 情态动词+动词原形
5. I felt cold. 系动词+表语
6. He doesn’t like music. 助动词+动词原形
句子成分3：宾语 宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格
代词，或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充 当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、 性质、特征等。
包括：
be 动词 感官系动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, get, go 持续性系动词：keep, remain, stay 表“像”系动词：seem, appear, look 终止性系动词：prove, turn out
• Translate the sentences into Chinese. 3. 我们觉得在2008年奥运会成为志愿者是很
有意义的。
We think (that) it was meaningful to become volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.
(that 引导宾语从句，作宾语）
2. He usually went to school alone. 代词作主语
句子成分1：主语
3. Studying English is very important. 动名词短语作主语
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. 不定式短语作主语
句子 1. 句子成分： 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语 2. 按交际功能分： 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 3.按句子结构分： 简单句、并列句、复合句
句子成分1：主语 主语是一个句子所述说的主体。主语的位置
一般在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。
1. The boy comes from America. 名词作主语
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. it 作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正的宾语
Have a try
• Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. 我觉得游泳令我感到轻松。
I find swimming very relaxing. (动名词作宾语） 2. 我觉得学英语很重要。