A. Robert Owen
B. John Stuart Mill
C. David Hume
D. Kant
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 4. According to Jeremy Bentham, both right and obligation should come from law and they both have three aspects: ______. A. political, religious and moral
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Multiple choice. 2. Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism is founded on two principles: the psychological principle of the association of ideas and _________. A. the achievement of the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people B. the achievement of the greatest happiness of the minority of people C. the achievement of the greatest happiness of the elite D. the achievement of the greatest happiness of the laboring classes
Multiple choice. 5. The difference between Bentham and Mill on utilitarianism is: _______.
A. Utilitarianism means the doctrine for achieving the greatest happiness B. Utilitarianism includes not only the pursuit of happiness, but also the avoidance of pain C. Utility could differ by degree and in quantity D. Utility is different in quality and happiness could be classified by advantages
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The Wealth of Nations is acknowledged as the 1. Adam Smith’s ___________________ sign of the inception of classical economics. 2. Classical economists reoriented economics away from an analysis of the ruler’s personal interests to ___________ a class-based interest. 3. Adam Smith is most often recognized for the expression ________________ “the invisible hand” , which he used to demonstrate how selfinterest guides the most efficient use of resources in a nation’s economy, with public welfare coming as a by-product.
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 1. The parliamentary reform of 1832 in England enabled ___________ to come to power on behalf of the interests of the bourgeoisie. A. the Conservative Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Whig Party D. the Tories
B. political, natural and moral
C. natural, religious and moral D. natural, religious and political
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 3. Utilitarianism is established by Jeremy Bentham and perfected by __________.
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions.
___ F 1. The earliest utopian doctrine came from Meyer’s book Utopia. ___ T 2. Utopian socialism started from mechanical materialism and had theoretical significance in the formation of Marxism. ___ T 3. The utopian representatives held that socialism and communism both had a rational basis. ___ F 4. The utopian socialist thinkers shared a similar view to change the society by violent means. ___ T 5. One of the limitations of utopian socialism is that it emphasized the anticipated change in man, denied the need for the class struggle and regarded their version of socialism as non-political socialism.
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. 4. David Ricardo defined rent as “the difference between the produce obtained by the employment of two equal quantities of ______ capital and _____ labor . 5. Malthus’s hypothesis implied that ______________ actual population always has a tendency to push above the food supply.
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. ___ F 1. “Things in themselves” is Kant’s major philosophical idea. Fichte was influenced greatly by it and perfected the idea. ___ T 2. Nietzsche is generally regarded as the initiator of the modern philosophy of human life. ___ T 3. The modern term of “alienation” can be traced back to Nietzsche. ___ T 4. Schopenhauer’s philosophical view of human nature is basically pessimistic. ___ T 5. To Hegel, the best type of state is in the polity of the constitutional monarchy.