华东政法大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷第一部分基础英语试题Part I: Grammar & Vocabulary (15%)Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.1. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _________free medical care.[A] entitled to [B] involved in [C] associated with [D] assigned to2. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at ______.[A] danger [B] stake [C] loss [D] threat3. I felt _________to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.[A] fatigued [B] tired [C] exhausted [D] bored4. People _______that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.[A] convinced [B] anticipated [C] resolved [D] assured5. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or _______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills. [A] adapted [B] acknowledged [C] assembled [D] appointed6.We should always keep in mind that _______decisions often lead to bitter regrets .[A] urgent [B] hasty [C] instant [D] prompt7. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages _______in the dictionary.[A] missing [B] losing [C] dropping [D] leaking8. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest________of being met.[A] prospect [B] prediction [C] prosperity [D] permission9. It’s usually the case that people seldom behave in a _______way when in a furious state.[A] stable [B] rational [C] legal [D] credible10. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.[A] accepted [B] admitted [C] admired [D] acquainted11. He does not _______as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible .[A] equal [B] match [C] qualify [D] fit12. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been _______the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.[A] pursuing [B] chasing [C] reaching [D] winning13. I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your point.[A] revising [B] contradicting [C] distorting [D] distracting14. Language, culture, and personality may be considered _______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.[A] indistinctly [B] separately [C] irrelevantly [D] independently15. I________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.[A] express [B] confess [C] verify [D] acknowledge16. It is strictly _______that access to confidential documets is denied to all but a few.[A] secured [B] forbidden [C] regulated [D] determined17. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurred which attracted my attention.[A] unless [B] until [C] when [D] while18. I regret _____ so much time and money on stamps.[A] to waste [B] for wasting [C] having wasted [D] at wasting19. I was greatly disappointed _____ that affair.[A] out [B] in [C] to [D] toward20. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.[A] in [B] at [C] for [D] with21. I’d rather you _____ those important documents with you.[A] don’t take [B] didn’t take [C] won’t take [D] not take22. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.[A] converge [B] assemble [C] crowd [D] accumulate23. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of the country _____ so serious.[A] wouldn’t be [B] wouldn’t have been [C] will not be [D] would have not been24. If you know what the trouble is, why you don’t help them to _____ the situation?[A] simplify [B] modify [C] verify [D] rectify25. I’m sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.[A] contribute to solving [B] be contributed to solve [C] contribute to solve [D] be contributed to solving26. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.[A] declined [B] deprived [C] denied [D] deserted27. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.[A] would be [B] will have been [C] was [D] were28. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.[A] Although he is a socialist [B] Even if he is a socialist[C] Being a socialist [D] Since he is a socialist29. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.[A] so as to [B] such as to [C] such to [D] as much as to30. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.[A] will come [B] was coming [C] had been coming [D] camePart II: Reading Comprehension (20%).Direction: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigour is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition fromsupermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queueing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old-age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it from them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick-set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill-judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass-produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.31. The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it ____.[A] the names of so many of the shops in the village around[B] the many people selling to, and doing jobs for, residents in local villages at the time it appeared[C] the variety of shops and services available in Victorian days in Britain[D] information about all the jobs there were in his own and surrounding villages at the time it appeared32. The local grocer’s shop is expanding even though ____.[A] women spend a lot of their time there just gossiping[B] town shops are larger and rather cheaper[C] people like to shop where they are less well-known[D] people get personal service in his shop33. The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that ____.[A] their prices are higher[B] people cannot telephone them[C] their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customers[D] one has to queue up in them34. The writer appreciates the village shop because ____.[A] he welcomes competition with organized business[B] he likes the idea that a humble person can be successful[C] this is a case of individual success in a world of increasing[D] he welcomes an example of private enterprise surviving in an age of giant companies35. What is the village shoemaker’s reaction to mass-produced shoes?[A] He considers they are not worth the effort of mending properly.[B] He is angry with the customers for bringing in such rubbish.[C] He despises their quality.[D] He feels exasperated because people waste their money on inferior shoes.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good ; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.36. The author of the passage does not believe that ____.[A] people can protect themselves[B] the truth makes men free[C] leaders have to be consistent[D] princes are human37. The lion represents those who are ____.[A] too trusting[B] strong and careful[C] reliant on force[D] lacking in intelligence38. The fox, in this passage, is____.[A] admired for his trickery[B] no match for the lion[C] pitied for his trick[D] considered worthless39. The writer suggests that a successful leader must ____.[A] be prudent and faithful[B] cheat and lie[C] have principle to guide his actions[D] tell the people the truth about his opponent40. The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate ____.[A] gave up all his opportunities[B] promised to try again next time[C] overthrew the government by force[D] told the people the truth about his opponentPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageBetween the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire (拜占庭帝国) staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run likethis: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.41. Which of the following best states the central idea of the text?[A] The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economic revival preceding cultural revival was reversed.[B] The economic, cultural, and military revival in the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries was similar in its order to the sequence of revival in Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens.[C] After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and, later, cultural expansion that lasted until 1453.[D] The revival of the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries shows cultural rebirth preceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the generally accepted sequence of progress.42. It can be inferred from the text that the Byzantine Empire sustained significant territorial losses ____.[A] in 600.[B] during the seventh century.[C] a century after the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire had been lost.[D] soon after the revival of Byzantine learning.43. In the third paragraph, the author most probably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic, military, and cultural development in order to ____.[A] suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model.[B] set up an order of events that is then shown to be not generally applicable to the case of Byzantium.[C] cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium.[D] suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedent exists.44. Which of the following does the author mention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began?[A] The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and cultural advances.[B] The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453.[C] The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s.[D] The revival of Byzantine learning began toward the end of the eighth century.45. According to the author, “The common explanation” (line 1, paragraph 3) of connections between economic, military, and cultural development is ____.[A] revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the Byzantine Empire.[B] reasonable, but an antiquated theory of the nature of progress.[C] not applicable to the Byzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limited periods during the revival.[D] equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history of military, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For more than two decades, U. S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U. S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs’motive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well”, says one CEO of a compang that owns nine television stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,” says, a forum me mber.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities - which educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduates - to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.46. U. S. court restrictions on affirmative action signifies that ________.[A] minorities no longer hold the once favored status[B] the quality of American colleges has improved[C] racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice[D] the minority is on an equal footing with the majority47. What has been a divisive issue across the United States?[A] Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.[B] Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.[C] Whether racism exists in American college admission.[D] Whether racial intolerance should be punished.48. CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they ________.[A] think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education[B] want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation[C] want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers[D] think it their duty to help develop education of the country49. The major tactic the forum uses is to _______.[A] battle the racial preferences in court[B] support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism[C] strive to settle this political debate nationwide[D] find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions50. If the 10% rule is applied, ________.[A] the best white high school students can get into colleges[B] public universities can get excellent students[C] students from poor rural families can go to colleges[D] good minority students can get into public universitiesPart III: English Writing (15%)DIRECTIONS: For this part, you are going to write a short essay on the title. You should write about 250 words and write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET 2. Title:Media and Law in China TodayNOTES:Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.。