朗读技巧(一)辅音连缀(二)失去爆破和不完全爆破(三)连读(四)强读和弱读(First, the good news. The dive that you just watched in Olympic Diving event was the winning dive. Now, the bad news. The swimming pool was empty. Answer:连读要使说话流利,除了学会弱读和失去爆破以外,还有一个重要的朗读技巧就是连读。
把第一个词词尾的音和第二个词词首的音连起来读,这种现象叫做连读。
连读用╰╯来表示。
例如:以下几种情况要连读:1.如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个以元音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来读。
例如:2.如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个也以元音开头,这两个音中间有时可以连起来读(连音之间有一个很短的过渡音/w/或/j/)。
3.如果前一个词以元音/ a:/AmericaAfricaNileAlice That is, this person is using family the way it was used 150 years ago when the majority of Americans were farmers. In that earlier time, of course, three or more generations lived under one roof — grandparents, their children, their children's spouses, and their children's children.Yet family is a very vague word. It can mean, for example, the speaker's parents, who do not live with him or her. On the other hand, it can mean uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews,first and second cousins, or even in-laws. As a result, the expression immediate family has come into use. It means something between the narrowest use of family and the broadest one: usually the grandparents, their children and their children's children.Answer:强读和弱读强读和弱读是英语中独特的,具有鲜明色彩的特点之一。
英语中大约有50个最常用的单音节词,如 a, of, from, as, and 等,它们每个词都有两种不同形式的读音。
一种形式叫强读,另一种形式叫弱读。
例如,from 的强读形式是/fr m/,弱读形式是/fr m/,as 的强读形式/æz/,弱读形式是/z/。
当读单词时,或者在连贯语句中重读时用强读形式。
弱读形式只用于非重读的情况下。
关于弱读,以下有四点是特别要提到的:1.具有强读和弱读两种形式的单词出现在非重读音节中的次数要比在重读音节中出现的次数多得多。
2.弱读音节出现的频率远远大于强读音节。
也可以这样说,在连贯语句中(不是在读单个词的时候),弱读是比强读更正常的现象。
3.弱读形式是中国人学习英语的又一难点。
因为我们更习惯于读单词的强读形式,而不是弱读形式,如人们更喜欢把 from, of, as, and 读成/fr m/,/v/,/æz/,/ænd/,而不是/fr m/,/v/,/z/,/nd/。
4.把弱读形式读成强读形式会影响说话的流利程度,会使说话听起来没有节奏,像是读单词,使应该重读的音节不能突出,因而会造成交际时对方的误解。
有些人常常抱怨外国人说话太快听不懂,实际上并不是听不懂单词,而是不熟悉英语的语流、节奏——在相当程度上是因为不熟悉英语弱读形式而造成的。
因此,中国人学英语时,怎样强调弱读形式的重要性都不会为之过分的。
由于上述情况,我们将把重点和更多的篇幅用在连贯语句中单词的弱读形式上。
以下几点是学习弱读形式时要记住的:1.弱读形式不同于强读形式,因为1) 弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音不同;2) 弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。
2.大多数有弱读形式的单词中,元音都变成了/aim`kmiŋ/)介词:(注意:一般来说,所有的介词(除to外)在句尾的时候要用强读形式。
此外,如果介词后面跟着一个不重读的人称代词,这些介词也要用强读形式,如 I've been waiting for you. /aiv bin `weitiŋ`f: ju:/ I'm expecting to hear from him. /aim iks`pektiŋ t`hi`fr m him/)She was trying to explain the principle of income tax."You see," she began, speaking slowly and carefully, "each person who works must pay part of his or her salary to the government. If you make a high salary, your taxes are high. If you don't make much money, your taxes are low.""Is that clear" she asked. "Does everyone understand the meaning of income tax" The students nodded."Are there any questions" she asked. The students shook their heads."Very good," she said. "Now, I would like you to take a piece of paper and write a short paragraph on the subject of income tax."Little Joy was a slow learner. He had lots of problems with spelling and grammar, but this time at least he seemed to understand the assignment. He grabbed his pen, and after a few minutes, he handed the teacher the following composition:Once I had a dog. His name was Tax.I opened the door and in come Tax.Answer:总共78个现在我们就会发现 2) When I leave Beijing/ I will leave/ with very fond memories/ of the city and it's people/ and with an increased knowledge of China.在说话和朗读时,意群的作用是:如果感到句子很长,一口气说不下来,可以在意群和意群之间有一个很短的停顿(换气)。
正确的停顿应该在意群和意群之间。
同一个意群内不应停顿。
意群之间的停顿不是固定的,而是灵活的。
可以按照个人的需要,可停顿也可不停顿,可多停顿也可少停顿。
2.句中上升在一个长句子中,如果有许多重读音节,按照降调的规律,应该逐个递降。
但由于重读音节很多,声音会越来越低,不论是自己还是别人,都会感到不舒服,听起来会很单调,说到最后嗓音会低不下去。
因此,我们可以在句子中间选择任何一个你认为重要的重读音节,将嗓音提高,好像又开始了一个从高到低的递降过程。
我们把每一个从高到低的递降过程的语调组合叫语调群。
句中某个音节上升的现象叫做句中上升。
例如: I'm sorry I couldn't quite make out what you were saying.(只有一个从高到低的语调群,听起来比较单调。
)I'm sorry I couldn't ↑ quite make out what you were saying.(有一个句中上升,因此就有了两个从高到低的语调群。
听起来比较生动。
)升高的这个音节 quite 可以用↑来表示:I'm sorry I couldn't ↑ quite make out what you were saying.在生活语言中,把长句子分成几个语调群的现象是很普遍的,也就是说,句中上升是常有的现象。
有时想要把句中某个字说的夸张一些,甚至可以把句中上升读得比第一个重读音节还要高。
对于我们初学者,学习句中上升的主要目的是为了避免单调。
重音、节奏和语调的关系在学习英语的过程中,无论是听录音还是看电影,你都会被英语美妙动听的音调和节奏所吸引。
就像音乐一样,似乎英语也有着上下起伏、时快时慢的节奏和美丽的旋律。
的确是这样,英语给人的感觉像流水一样,它像波浪一样起伏,也像江河水一样连续不断。
人们把流利的英语形容为“语流好”、“节奏美”,就是这个道理。
在连贯说话时,语流的好坏、语调的正确与否主要决定于重音、节奏和语调。
人们学习音乐的时候发现音乐有节拍,有自己的节奏和旋律。
学说英语很像学音乐。
英语的重音就是节拍,英语也有自己的节奏,英语的语调就是旋律。
英语的单音和一个个音节像是音乐中的一个个音符。
当然,只有让这一个个音符跳动起来才能成为和谐的音乐,才能表达意思,抒发情感。
同样,只有让这一个个音节跳动起来才能成为生动的语言,才能传递信息,交流感情。
能使这些音节跳动起来成为完整语言的就是重音、节奏和语调。
可以看出重音、节奏和语调这三者是一个有机的整体,是不可分割的。
只是为了教学的便利,我们才分别来讨论它们。
需要强调的另一点是,正确地发出每一个单音固然重要,但更重要的是语流。