态度观点信号词:论点:认为,相信:argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that …, have a notion that …,view…as , regard…as , see…as, consider…to be, reckon [算作,设想]论据:for example , for instance , specifically, take…as an example, like , such as …, Imagine 调查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查], research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷],measurement ,enquiry调查研究结果:得出结论:conclude that …,come to a conclusion that …, draw a conclusion that …表明,发现:show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示],display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove, indicate, imply,预测、预报、预言:forecast , foretell, foresee, predict表示赞同:agree, appreciate[意识到, 懂得] , approve[赞成、批准], consent to[同意]表示反对:against , disagree, disapprove,dissent from, object to ,be opposed to反对表示事实:belief , fact , reality, truth表示理论,设想:assumption , theory, thesis, hypothesis [假设]表示目的:to do, aim at, for the sake of , for ,serve as, in favor of [有利于],for the purpose of, intend to do论据中常见专家名称:expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授],sociologist [社会学家],economist, linguist[语言学家],consultant[顾问], psychologist[心理学家],behaviorist [行为学家],philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家],archaeologist [考古学家]逻辑信号词-路标词:1.因果原因:后接句子--- Because, since , as , for后接词组--- because of , thanks to[由于,多亏] , owing to [由于, 因...之缘故], due to , as a result of , by/in virtue of [由于]结果:so(that), accordingly, as a result, consequently,for this(that)reason, hence[因此], therefore 特色词汇:A 是因,B是果:A account for / be responsible for BA cause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give rise to B2.转折“但是,然而”:but , however, yet , nevertheless, whereas“尽管,虽然”:后接句子--- although , though, even though , while , notwithstanding后接词组--- despite, in spite of“相反地”:conversely[相反地] , on the contrary“另一方面”:on the other hand3.比较by comparison , in contrast , in the same way, similarly4.递进also, besides, furthermore, in addition, in particular, more importantly, moreover, What’s more 5.概括in brief, in conclusion, in short, in a word , in sum, to sum up, on the whole , to conclude6.并列and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as态度词汇总1.积极:approving [赞许的], optimistic [乐观的], sympathetic [同情的], consent [赞成]2.消极:negative[否定的,消极的,反面的], pessimistic[悲观的], apprehensive[忧虑的], reserved [有保留的,内向的], arbitrary[武断的], biased[有偏见的,偏心的], partial [不公平的], critical[持批评态度的], depressing [令人沮丧的], disappointing[令人失望的], doubtful[怀疑的], object[反对], be opposed to/opposing[反对的], scared[惊恐的],panic[恐慌], sensitive[敏感的], subjective[主观的], suspicious[怀疑的]3.中性:objective [客观的],impartial [公平的], unbiased[公正的]4. 情绪:anger[愤怒], indignant [愤怒的], happy, contempt[轻视], gloomy[沮丧的]5.其它:surprised[惊奇的], amazed[惊奇的], puzzled[迷惑的], ambiguous[模棱两可的], neutral[中立的], indifferent[漠不关心的]6.对态度的修饰词:reserved[有保留的], cautiously[谨慎地], enthusiastic[热烈的], strong[强烈的], radical[激进的]态度词分析1.可能的态度:考研阅读考的的态度有两种,一种是作者,另一是非作者的其它人。
就作者而言,主要是表明对事物的观点看法,于是有:正面的各种支持,负面的各种反对;说到两种观点时还有很可能是客观中立;还有少量的惊奇、担心等。
而非作者的其它人,对某事物还可能是某种情绪,如愤怒、轻视等。
2.不可能的态度:Subjective: 说一个人的态度是主观的,如同说一个人的历史是“已经过去的”——废话。
态度不可能是“客观的”,注意objective作为正确答案时的“客观”实际意思是“不偏不倚”,而不是与“主观“相对的“客观”。
总之,subjective不可能正确。
Indifferent: 如果作者对某事物漠不关心,哪来这么多废话?以下是就作者而言不可能的态度,因为作者的态度就是文章的观点,而文章的观点显然在选到考试里的时候会经过过滤:有问题的文章不会入选。
所以会有下面的技巧。
作者态度永不错误:也就是说作者的态度不可能是明显错误的。
如果作者的观点明显partial 或者incorrect, 这篇文章不会入选社会主义制度下的考研或任何一种考试。
因为作者的态度就是文章的观点。
激烈的enthusiastic, strongly等:观点比较温和,才符合我们的价值取向,不走极端。
与之相对应,如reserved,cautiously存活率才更高。
应当容易理解。
作者对事不对人:情绪化的东西如对人的愤怒、轻视等也不会是作者的态度。
一、肯定词positive adj.肯定的,实际的,积极的favorable adj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的approval n.赞成,承认,正式批准enthusiasm n.狂热,热心,积极性supportive adj.支持的,支援的defensive为……而辩护二、否定词negative adj.否定的,消极的,负的,阴性的disapproval不赞成objection异议opposition反对critical批评的criticism批评,批判disgust vi.令人厌恶,令人反感vt.使作呕detestation n.憎恶,厌恶的人,嫌恶indignation愤慨contempt n.轻视,轻蔑,耻辱,不尊敬compromising n.妥协,折衷v.妥协,折衷worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的三、怀疑suspicion n.猜疑,怀疑suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,怀疑的doubt v.怀疑doubtful adj.可疑的,不确的,疑心的question v.怀疑puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙四、客观词(即好的坏的都说,选的可能性极大)objective adj.客观的neutral adj.中立的impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的disinterested adj.无私的unprejudiced adj.没有偏见的unbiased adj.没有偏见的unprejudiced adj.公平的,无偏见的,无成见detached不含个人偏见的五、主观词subjective adj.主观的,个人的indifference n.不关心tolerance n.宽容,容忍,忍受pessimism n.悲观,悲观主义gloomy adj.黑暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的optimistic adj.乐观的sensitive有感觉的,敏感[锐]的,易受伤的scared adj.恐惧的reserved adj.保留的,包租的consent vi.同意,赞成,答应n.同意,赞成radical adj.激进的moderate adj.中等的,适度的v.缓和mild adj.温和的,温柔的,轻微的,适度的ironic adj.说反话的,讽刺的confused adj.困惑的,烦恼的amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的concerned adj.关心的,有关的apprehensive adj.担忧,担心mixed喜忧参半biased有偏见的indignant adj.愤怒的,愤慨的六、积极词objective客观的concerned关注的confident adj.自信的,确信的interested adj.感兴趣的,有成见的,有权益optimistic adj.乐观的positive正面的impressive adj.给人深刻印象的,感人的七、中立/折中impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的neutral adj.中立的impersonal adj.非个人的factual adj.事实的,实际的,根据事实的detached 不含个人偏见的八、消极词(这类词通常不是解的选项)negative 消极的indifferent 漠不关心的depressed 消沉的subjective 主观的pessimistic 悲观的unconcerned 不关心的contemptuous adj.轻蔑的,侮辱的biased adj. 有偏见的hostile adj.敌对的,敌视的。