1. 主语的确定•主语的三种处理方法：•①以原句主语作译文主语•直接法•②重新确定主语•间接法•③增补主语•添加法•①直接法•例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。

•Our house was built over a hundred years ago.•例句2：我是地球人。

•I come from the earth.•例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

•Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.•例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

•If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing.•例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。

•China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.•例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。

•As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes.•非常简单•文化差异•应用有限•②间接法•中英文表达的习惯不同•语言地道，句式多样•例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

•译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.•译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.•例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。

•译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly.•译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.•例句9：胎又瘪了。

•译法1：We’ve got another flat tire.•译法2：Our tire is flat again.•例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

•译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.•译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints.•回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。

•③增补法•推敲语境•考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

•例句11：沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

•Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.•练习1：中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。

•菜鸟级•The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.•魔王级：•China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.•练习2：我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。

•菜鸟级：•The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but brothers as well.•魔王级：•Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.•练习3：他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快赢得了大家的信任。

•雏鸟级：•His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.•小妖级：•He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust.•大师级：•He was so frank, outspoken and constantly willing to make friends with anyone that he soon won their trust.•练习4：中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

•菜鸟级：•The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.•小妖级：• A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.•大师级：•The rest of the world will confront no threat from a strong, prosperous and developed China.•练习5：轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。

•菜鸟级•The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.•魔王级•Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety.•口译：楼的质量不好•The quality of the building is poor.•The building is not well built.•练习6：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

•Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.•练习7：真是太荒谬了。

•It’s utterly absurd.•练习8：只有冷静才能成功。

•Success depends on calm minds.•练习9：端午节吃粽子。

•On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi.•练习10：上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。

•That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people all over the world.•从句做主语•The fact that …2. 谓语确定和主谓一致•谓语的确定基于表意的需要•例句1. 中国政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

•The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.•The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.•例句2：中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

•The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.•The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.•China will merge into the world tide in terms of economy.•例句3：这事到了现在，还是时时记起。

•Even now, I still often think about it.•Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.•例句4：在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。

•You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.•When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and moreadjectives of the superlative degree.•例句5：（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏。

•The summer palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers in 1990.•The summer palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers in 1990.•例句6：她们逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。