对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2012-2013学年第一学期《大学英语（四）》复习大纲一、单选题1. at the meeting that everyone present was convinced. （）A. So forcefully he spokeB. So forcefully did he speakC. So forcefully was he spokenD. So forcefully has he spoken2. Alice usually her little brother when her parents are away from home. （）A. looks onB. looks forC. looks aboutD. looks after3. his things, he hurried to the station. （）A. Having packed upB. Packed upC. Packing upD. Being packed up4. Hardly the people ran toward it. （）A. the plane had landed whenB. had the plane landed whenC. the plane had landed thanD. had the plane landed than5. It is people, not things are decisive. （）A. whatB. thoseC. thatD. who6. He was not enough to give the old woman his seat on the bus. （）A. modestB. concernedC. considerateD. moderate7. Is she said really true? （）A. whatB. thatC. whichD. it8. If you had told me in advance, I you at the airport. （）A. would meetB. would have metC. metD. had9. Betty moved out from the dormitory the noise. （）A. because ofB. in spite ofC. becauseD. despite10. If a piece of iron to a high temperature, it begins to melt. （）A. is being heatingB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. heats11. Seldom him in the past five years. （）A. I have seenB. have I seenC. I sawD. did I see12. You have to pay a sales on everything you buy in New York city. （）A. chargeB. taxC. cashD. fee13. I wonder what at this time tomorrow morning. （）A. he has doneB. will have doneC. will have been doingD. he will be doing14. She has that she is unable to get a job. （）A. such small educationB. so little educationC. a such little educationD. a so small education15. At first I thought the math problem would be rather difficult, but itto be fairly easy.（）A. turned onB. turned offC. turned outD. turned down16. It is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as . （）A. he cameB. he will comeC. he shall comeD. he comes17. We should not risk that building in its present condition.（）A. to enterB. enteringC. to have enteredD. having entered18. difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them. （）A. WhereverB. WhateverC. HoweverD. Whenever19. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you you need. （）A. all the informationB. all informationC. all of the informationD. all of the informations20. John’s score on the test is the highest in his class; he very hard. （）A. should studyB. should haveC. must have studiedD. must have to study21. He had a guilty when he looked at everyone in the room. （）A. mannerB. wayC. methodD. form22. When she heard the bad news, she completely. （）A. broke intoB. broke inC. broke outD. broke down23. One of the girl students when the teacher came in. （）A. has sungB. have sungC. were singingD. was singing24. Dictionaries out of the reading room. （）A. can’t takeB. mustn’t be takenC. shan’t be takenD. needn’t be taken25. Professor Black had us compositions every Friday. （）A. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writing26. The school bus was by a thick fog. （）A. held upB. broken offC. kept upD. put off27. I’m feeling sick. I so much chocolate. （）A. oughtn’t have eatenB. couldn’t have eatenC. needn’t have eatenD. shouldn’t have eaten28. Suddenly, in front of me, I saw a man . （）A. lying on the snowB. lying in the snowC. laying on the snowD. laying in the snow29. Take your umbrella it should rain. （）A. in caseB. fearingC. in thatD. even if30. We should great importance to education. （）A. payB. giveC. attachD. attend31. My brother had a cold last week, so I. （）A. hadB. didC. amD. have32. It was already late when we discovered that we had got on the wrong bus . （）A. by mistakeB. by the mistakeC. with mistakeD. with the mistake33. When the first prize, he beamed with delight. （）A. presentingB. presentedC. presented toD. presented with34. More and more advertisers use television medium to _____ their products. （）A. publishB. adviseC. advertiseD. announce35. anyone come, ask them to wait for a minute. （）A. WouldB. MightC. ShouldD. Had36. I remember for the job, but I have forgotten the exact amount. （）A. to be paidB. payingC. to payD. being paid37. This international company _____ five departments and three branches abroad. （）A. composes ofB. makes up ofC. is consisted ofD. consists of38. Our classroom is in the school building. （）A. bigger than any other oneB. bigger than any oneC. the biggest of all the othersD. the biggest of any one39. In a second-hand bookshop, Billy came across a book which he thought was certainly a edition. （）A. rareB. scarceC. seldomD. hardly40. You will see the product wherever you go. （）A. advertiseB. advertisedC. to be advertisedD. advertising41. insurance （）A. 保险B. 保护C. 担保42. grant （）A. 同意B. 奖励C. 欣赏43. abandon （）A. 允诺B. 遵守C. 放弃44. deem （）A. 认为B. 似乎C. 想念45. forward （）A. 装船B. 转运C. 保留46. minimize （）A. 最大化B. 中等化C. 最小化47. proportion （）A. 比例B. 合适C. 中等48. durable （）A. 耐用的B. 预期的C. 常用的49. reimburse （）A. 计算B. 报销C. 遭受50. shortage （）A. 短缺B. 富足C. 溢装51. representative （）A. 代表B. 样品C. 外表52. expert （）A. 出口B. 进口C. 专家53. commission （）A. 委员会B. 任务C. 原则54. expand （）A. 缩小B. 扩展C. 调整55. exceed （）A. 落后B. 超越C. 加强56. surplus （）A. 过剩B. 不足C. 持平57. currency （）A. 时尚B. 货币C. 现在58. bargain （）A. 廉价品B. 次品C. 贵重物品59. authority （）A. 作者B. 权威C. 能力60. unified （）A. 杂乱的B. 合理的C. 统一的61. revenue （）A. 支出B. 场馆C. 收入62. deposit （）A. 存款B. 付款C. 贷款63. dignity （）A. 生气B. 尊严C. 紧张64. awkward （）A. 灵活的B. 凸凹的C. 笨拙的65. deputy （）A. 代理人B. 经理人C. 主管66. injustice （）A. 公平B. 不公正C. 邪恶67. revenge （）A. 报复B. 报恩C. 感恩68. cultivate （）A. 文化B. 种植C. 挖掘69. campaign （）A. 露营B. 策略C. 活动70. statistics （）A. 宣言B. 策划C. 统计71. The film appears to be quite complicated but it’s____a love story．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. dependable72. He joined the_____services and was posted to China．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. diplomatic73. To be in a strange city without money and friends is anextremely____situation．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. dependable74. Jane smiled at Mike,____her affection for him with her eyes．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. communicating75. If you ____ your credit card, phone this number immediately．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. lose76. All my efforts to persuade them were beginning to have an____．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. effect77. Customers are advised to make seat ____ well in advance．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. reservation78. He thought of himself as a responsible and ____ person．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. dependable79. Our ____plan was to go camping, but it was pouring with rain．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. dependable80. It has been nearly 2000 years since Buddhism was____ to China．（）A. originalB. distressingC. introducedD. basicallyE. dependable二、阅读81.One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief 'Yes ' , ' No ' , ' Sure ' , or the very popular ' Yeah ' rather than with a longer reply.But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single word ' Hi ' , indeed; this is a greeting you will hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of rank and occupation.However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk. Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable. If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply. They don't want to be impolite or rude, you can be sure that they liked what was said about them.Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans don't usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed as they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a warm but informal people.1. The fact that Americans like shorter answers tells us__________.（）A. they reply very quickly in a hurryB. they choose words too carefullyC. they like replying brieflyD. they want to be as polite as they can2. Those who like using beautiful or formal words __________. （）A. need more time to get used to American simple greetingB. need no time to get familiar with American greetingC. do not very much like American way of greetingD. think Americans are not polite whatever3. Which of the following is NOT true? （）A. Americans often answer with the words like “ sure ” , “ yeah ” .B. They are not impolite with brief replies.C. Americans in high ranks must use formal words in greetingD. Americans are a warm but informal people.4. The Americans like others' praise but if in a polite way__________. （）A. they don't know what to say in replyB. they feel somewhat uneasyC. they don't want to replyD. both A and B5. The passage indicates that __________. （）A. Americans exchange gifts the first time they meet.B. Americans seldom give gifts except for some holidays.C. Americans often bring some gifts to their friends.D. Americans only want to get gifts from others.82.If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big h1. While taking a taxi in Finland, ____ .（）A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driverB. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi rideC. a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wantsD. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration before they leave2. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland_____ .（）A. provide meal for only those who live in the hotelsB. provide meals for any dinersC. provide free wine and charge for foodD. are mostly poorly managed3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （）A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour.B. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of theirC. The workers are always honest with their working hours.D. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the rate4. The word “those” in the last paragraph probably refers to _____. （）A. people who often take taxisB. people who often have meals in big hotelsC. people who are dishonestD. people who are worthy of trust5. It can be concluded that ____ .（）A. Finnish people are not smart enough in daily lifeB. Finland has been a good place for cheatsC. the Finnish society is of very high moral levelD. all the Finns are rich83.Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware,1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is . （）A. to make sports less competitiveB. to make sports more challengingC. to reduce their mental stressD. to increase their sense of success2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that . （）A. it can help them learn more about societyB. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselvesC. it enables them to find flaws in themselvesD. it can provide them with valuable experiences3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing youngathletes . （）A. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidenceB. in order to make them remember life’s lessonsC. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentD. so as t put more pressure on them4. According to the passage parents and coaches should . （）A. help children to win every gameB. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsC. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sportsD. train children to cope with stress5. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is . （）A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticismB. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenC. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementD. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout84.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality（）A. still judge a man by his clothesB. hold the uniform in such high regardC. enjoy having a professional identityD. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform2. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform . （）A. suggests quality workB. discards his social identityC. appears to be more practicalD. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes3. The chief function of a uniform is to . （）A. to provide practical benefits to the wearerB. make the wearer catch the public eyeC. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms . （）A. are usually helpfulB. have little or no individual freedomC. tend to lose their individualityD. enjoy greater popularity5. The best title for this passage would be . （）A. Uniforms and SocietyB. The Importance of Wearing a UniformC. Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms85.Economics is concerned with many of the most basic decisions we make as producers, consumers and members of the society. The decisions made by different segments (部分) of a society such as governments, corporations, and consumers are based on a given economic environment and have an impact on people’s lives. The presentpandemonium (喧嚣，混乱) in the world is a result of the changing technological as well as social conditions. Thus, if you want to make any sense as to what is happening and why, you have to understand the underlying economic forces that are causing these changes. Because of the multiplicity （多样性）of forces that affect economic decisions taken by different units of the economy, it is difficult to predict the outcome of these changes. Nevertheless, by taking courses in economics you may not be able to solve1. The decisions made by different segments of a society such as governments, corporations, and consumers are based on . （）A. your own conditions and desiresB. the political environmentC. the given economic environmentD. the social environment2. The author attributed the present pandemonium in the world to . （）A. the ups and downs of the business cycleB. the wrong decisions made by economistsC. the changing technical conditionsD. the changing economic conditions3. Why is it difficult to predict the outcome of the changes? （）A. Because they changed too quickly.B. Because there are too many factors involved in the changes.C. Because different units of economy have various forces to effect economic decisions.D. Because the economists are not sure in what condition these changes took place.4. In the passage, why did the author cite that the Bank of Canada increases or decreases interest rates? （）A. He wants to tell us that the increase or decrease of the interest rates will affect the value of dollar on the international market.B. He wants to tell us why governments are preoccupied with deficit reduction.C. He wants to tell us why we should take economics.D. He wants to tell us how to solve the economic chaos.5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that economics can help us . （）A. understand that you are caught up in a world of explosive changeB. understand a little better what’s happening to all of us, and how, and why, and perhaps you will gain some insight into its future development.C. See with any certainty where the world is goingD. A and B.86.“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach greatimportance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,” and “Everyone is entitled to his opinion,” are common expr essions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his st1. Which of the statement is TRUE, according to the author? （）A. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels.B. Most of people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.C. Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.D. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.2. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?（）A. Someone whose opinion harms other people.B. Someone who values only their own opinions.C. Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.D. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinion s.3. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that . （）A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB. personal tastes are not something to be challengedC. it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in publicD. one shoul d not always agree to others’ opinions4. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that . （）A. it is based on careful thoughtB. it is stated by judges in the courtC. it reflects public likes and dislikesD. it is a result of a lot of controversy5. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one’s opinion . （）A. doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceB. B. means that one can impose his preference on othersC. do esn’t mean that one has the right to do things at willD. means that one can ignore other people’s criticism87.Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. wa y of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the U.S. think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finance1. The U.S. is a typical country . （）A. which encourages free trade at home and abroadB. where people’s chief concern is how to make moneyC. where all businesses are managed scientificallyD. which normally works according to the federal budget2. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that . （）A. most newspapers are run by big businessesB. even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC. Americans of all professions know how to do businessD. Even arts and entertainment are regarded as business3. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreamingthat . （）A. they can start profitable businesses thereB. they can be more competitive in businessC. they will make a fortune overnight thereD. they will find better chances of employment4. Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because . （）A. working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD. public services are not run by the federal government5. A company’s effor ts to keep expenses low and profits high may resultin . （）A. reduction in the number of employeesB. improvement of working conditionsC. fewer disputes between labor and managementD. a rise in workers’ wages88.New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has become smaller. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseaseffort i s central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the U.S. where cross-cultural consideration and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the U.S. are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language s kills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset (资产) to the firm.1. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment? （）A. CriticalB. PrejudicedC. IndifferentD. Positive2. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople . （）A. have to get familiar with modern technologyB. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC. are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD. are eager to work overseas3. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (line 2, Para. 3) probablymeans . （）A. being unable to think properly for lack of insightB. being totally out of touch with business at homeC. missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD. leaving all care and worry behind4. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today? （）A. Connections with businesses overseas.B. Ability to speak the clients’ language.C. Technical know-how.D. Business experience.5. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that theycan . （）A. better control the whole negotiation processB. easily find new approaches to meet market needsC. fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad89.The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise(有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1. The word “spas” (line 3, Para. 1) most probably means . （）A. sports activitiesB. places for physical exerciseC. recreation centersD. athletic training programs2. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for . （）A. the promotion of aerobic exerciseB. endurance and muscular developmentC. the improvement of women’s figuresD. better performance in aerobic dancing3. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement? （）A. positiveB. indifferentC. negativeD. cautious4. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out . （）A. how well they could do in athleticsB. what their health conditions were likeC. what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD. whether they were fit for aerobic exercise。