信息检索课程作业班级物流管理132 学号201310612055 姓名杨中日期2014.6.21课题：船体构造发展对运输成本的影响1.课题分析：随着现代科学技术的进步，运输船的建造与维护渐渐向环保、低碳方面发展。
运输船的结构一般由船体（含上层建筑）和动力装置两部分组成。
船体构造不仅影响发动机的推重比，而且还影响船侧板的磨损，合理的搭配往往能更好的节约成本。
又因为近些年，运输船在海上事故频发，多数原因是由于大风浪导致的船体倾斜，严重的甚至引起甲板断裂。
这给船东和货主们造成巨大的损失。
因此，设计和研究更坚固、平稳的船体具有解决问题,降低成本的实际意义。
此课题可以对多数航运业管理者起到提示的作用。
2.选择数据库：中文数据库：中国知网；万方数据库外文数据库：Science Direct；Engineering Village3.检索途径：（1）检索条件：发表时间between (1979-06-01,2014-06-20 and 全文=船体设计and 全文=运输成本and 主题=环保or 主题=高效) (模糊匹配)（2）检索表达式："船舶设计" * 运营成本^ "船只相撞" * Date:-2014（3）Search results: TITLE(design of ship) and TITLE-ABSTR-KEY(operational costs （4）Quick Search: 22 articles found in Compendex for 1969-2015: ((((development of ship) WN KY) AND ((design of ship) WN TI)) AND ((operating costs) WN KY)) 4.检索内容：（1）中国知网：SrcDatabase-来源库: CJFD2007Title-题名: 能源储运船及其节能技术Author-作者: 陈少春;Organ-单位: 中国石油化工股份有限公司管道储运分公司襄樊输油处湖北襄樊441002 Source-文献来源: 经济师Keyword-关键词: 能源储运;;船;;节能技术;;LNGSummary-摘要: 能源储运的形式多种多样,通过海上船舶运输是其中的一种,并且发展迅速,日益受到注目。
文章描述了能源海上储运船只的种类及其基本情况,并着重阐述了船舶运输的节能技术及其发展趋势。
目前能源运输船只的节能技术主要集中在减小船体阻力、提升推进性能和提高推进设备的效率这三个方面。
为了达到节能环保的目的,应当采用能减小粘性阻力的船体设计方案;开发并使用附加翼片等来改善船舶的推进性能;采用再液化装置或者气体涡轮机和电力推进等组合方案等。
此外,还对能源输送的新型船舶进行了简单的描述。
PubTime-发表时间: 2007-10-05Year-年: 2007Period-期: 10PageCount-页码: 260-261SrcDatabase-来源库: CMFD2008Title-题名: 船体结构强度直接计算方法研究Author-作者: 杜庆喜Source-文献来源: 武汉理工大学Keyword-关键词: 有限元分析;;全船;;舱段;;强度Summary-摘要: 船体结构有限元计算方法分为两种，舱段模型有限元分析方法和全船模型有限元分析方法。
舱段模型有限元分析方法和全船模型有限元分析方法在评估船体结构强度方面，针对不同的问题各有其优点及不足之处。
全船有限元分析法建模工作量大，但是各种载况和波浪条件下的载荷以及边界条件模拟的更加真实，所以结果较为真实，舱段有限元法建模工作量小很多，但是边界条件很难做到很好的模拟，因此结果相对来说不够精确，如何选择模型要根据实际情况，以便达到安全可靠并且高效的目的。
本文以一艘98.0 m(8000 t级)江海直达驳船为例来研究全船模型和舱段模型在评估局部结构强度的异同，并找到一个较...PubTime-发表时间: 2007-10-01Year-年: 2007Period-期: 06PageCount-页码: 116（2）万方数据库船用汽化器汽化量自动调节系统及自动调节方法(19)中华人民共和国国家知识产权局(12)发明专利申请(10)申请公布号CN 103452706 A(43)申请公布日2013. 12. 18(21)申请号201310389228.X(22)申请日2013. 08. 30(71)申请人武汉交发船舶设计有限公司地址430021湖北省武汉市江汉区民权路特一号长江大厦3楼(72)发明人江武玖林远明刘明辉蔡金萍熊利祥(74)专利代理机构武汉开元知识产权代理有限公司42104代理人涂洁潘杰(51)Int. CI.F02M 21/06 (2006. 01)6050 7/06 (2006. 01)(54)发明名称船用汽化器汽化量自动调节系统及自动调节方法(57)摘要本发明涉及一种船用汽化器汽化量自动调节系统及其调节方法，解决了现有汽化器的汽化量无法调节导致能耗增加、污染环境的问题。
系统包括汽化器，汽化器的壳体上设热水进口和热水出口，汽化器的LNG加热管与缓冲罐连接，所述缓冲罐与发动机连接的管道上装有调压阀，所述缓冲罐上设有压力传感器，所述热水进口的管道上设有三通电控阀，所述三通电控阀设有循环进水口、外循环出水口和与汽化器热水进口连通的出水口，所述压力传感器与电控器的输入端连接，所述电控器的输出端与三通电控阀连接。
本发明根据缓冲罐的压力自动调节热水流量，从而控制汽化量，大大的减少由于压力过高导致的外排，同时也减少了相应热水的热能损耗，大幅降低了运营成本。
船用一站式压缩空气供气单元(21)申请号200920317254.0(22)申请日2009. 12. 14(73)专利权人陈海清地址214500江苏省靖江市新港工业园区(72)发明人陈江清陈炳清(74)专利代理机构常州佰}l}腾飞专利代理事务所(普通合伙)32231代理人金辉(51)I nt. C I.F170 1/04 (2006. 01)(54)实用新型名称船用一站式压缩空气供气单元(57)摘要本实用新型公开了一种船用一站式压缩空气供气单元，包括集装空气瓶，集装空气瓶固定在支架上，集装空气瓶通过管线和进气阀连接有空气压缩机，并设置有空气安全阀、压力表和压力开关，在集装空气瓶上至少设置有三个出气阀，每个出气阀上连接有出气管路，在其中一出气管路上连接有减压阀和压力表，每根出气管路的末端设置有启动阀。
由空气压缩机产生压缩空气供气给集装空气瓶贮存，然后分配至全船各使用场所，减少了空气压缩机、各类阀件和仪表等重复设置，为船舶设计和施工节省空间和时间，可在一定程度上提高造船进度，同时降低了船舶的自重，减少了造船成本，使船舶载重能力得到提高，降低了船舶的运营成本。
（3）Science DirectChapter 9 - Ship design, construction and operation,.In The Maritime Engineering Reference Book, edited by Anthony F. Molland, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2008, Pages 636,638-727, ISBN 9780750689878, /10.1016/B978-0-7506-8987-8.00009-3.(/science/article/pii/B9780750689878000093)Abstract: Publisher SummaryThis Chapter provides a broad overview of ship design, construction and operation. The shipdesign process may be broken down broadly into two stages: Conceptual and/or preliminary design and detailed or tender or contract design. The preliminary design process will normally take the form of a techno-economic appraisal, using a fundamental engineering economy approach. The ship owner's operational requirements need to be established during preliminary designing, which then allows the development of a basic specification such as deadweight, speed, range, capacity, stability, and freeboard. The chapter further discusses the principal materials used in the construction of the main components of a ship or marine structure, including steels, aluminum alloys and composites, the effects of corrosion, corrosion control, and antifouling. It outlines typical examples of ship structure, shipyard layout and shipbuilding process is given, together with a description of the links between the design, drawing and manufacturing process. Most design problems may be formulated as follows: determine a set of design variables (e.g. number of ships, individual ship size and speed in fleet optimization; main dimensions and interior subdivision of ship; scantlings of a construction; characteristic values of pipes and pumps in a pipe net) subject to certain relations between and restrictions of these variables (e.g. by physical, technical, legal, economical laws). If more than one combination of design variables satisfies all these conditions, we would like to determine that combination of design variables which optimizes some measure of merit (e.g. weight, cost, or yield).IL Buxton and GH Stephenson, Evaluating Design For Upgradeability: A Simulation Based Approach For Ships and Marine Products, In Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures, edited by You-Sheng Wu, Wei-Cheng Cui and Guo-Jun Zhou, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, 2001, Pages 293-300, ISBN 9780080439501, /10.1016/B978-008043950-1/50037-5.(/science/article/pii/B9780080439501500375)Abstract: Publisher SummaryThis chapter explores the simulation methods and discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques for evaluating alternative upgrading scenarios. With commercial pressures to minimize capital expenditure even at the expense of operational difficulties later in a project's life, it is important to have agreed methods of assessing under what circumstances a degree of additional expenditure to facilitate later upgrading is justified. A simulation approach provides greater insights into the possible influence of changes in market trends or prices, as well as possible impact of new regulatory requirements on a project's life cycle cost. The question for the designer is how far to design for such upgradeability, for example, by provision of additionally unused space or more powerful equipment than is required initially. A methodology is developed for evaluating whether designs incorporating some upgrade capability from the start may be more economic than those which do not. The results are presented as probabilities so that the extent of risk can be gauged and the most cost-effective solution can be assessed. The methodology is successfully applied to a wide range of made-to-order (MTO) products, including offshore production platforms, process plant, power stations, and steel mills.（4）Engineering VillageTheory and practice of total ship survivability for ship designSaid, Michael O.1Source: Naval Engineers Journal, v 107, n 4, p 191-203, July 1995; ISSN: 00281425; Publisher: ASNEAuthor affiliation:1 Survivability Subgroup of NA VSEA, Headquarters, Washington, United StatesAbstract:Total Ship Survivability (TSS) is an evolving engineering management discipline being used in NA VSEA to better integrate survivability with other ship design disciplines. TSS embodies the principles of systems and concurrent engineering, in addition to other engineering analysis techniques, to assimilate data, balance conflicting needs and implement survivability at a total ship level. As such, the primary goal of TSS is to better balance the variety of survivability design features (such as active, passive and damage control/firefighting features) during each phase of the ship design process, with considerations for the constraints on cost, schedule and performance. TSS represents a survivability design philosophy and concept which not only supports the ship design process, but also the approach to survivability research and development (R&D), Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) and fleet modernization (i.e. life cycle support). In addition, TSS promotes transfer of survivability knowledge to fleet operators with special at-sea trials and tests to enhance crew training; and the operation of mission essential ship systems of retain or restore combat readiness following a weapon hit. This paper will discuss the TSS concept, how it came into being, TSS methods and practical applications for surface ship design.(4 refs)Main heading: ShipsControlled terms: Accident prevention - Concurrent engineering - Costs - Design - Engineering - Flammability testing - Management - Modernization - Personnel testing - Research - Restoration - Systems engineeringUncontrolled terms: Anti-shipping weapons - Engineering analysis techniques - Life cycle support - Live fire test and evaluation - Operation of mission - Research and development - Total ship survivabilityClassification Code: 671.1 Ship Design - 674.2 Marine Drilling Rigs and Platforms - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913.5 Maintenance - 914.1 Accidents and Accident PreventionTreatment: Applications (APP)Database: CompendexMulti-objective optimization of container ship designKoutroukis, G.1; Papanikolaou, A.1; Nikolopoulos, L.1; Sames, P.2; Köpke, M.2Source: Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources - Proceedings of IMAM 2013, 15th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, v 1, p 477-489, 2014, Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources - Proceedings of IMAM 2013, 15th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean; ISBN-13: 9781138001619; Conference: 15th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2013, October 14, 2013 - October 17, 2013; Publisher: Taylor & Francis - BalkemaAuthor affiliations:1 National Technical University of Athens, Ship Design Laboratory, Athens, Greece2 Germanischer Lloyd SE, Hamburg, GermanyAbstract:High fuel prices and environmental concerns have influenced the design and operational characteristics of all types of ships, but particularly of container ships in recent years with considerable engineering as well as commercial effects. Such ECO-ship designs demonstrate lower operational costs and are more competitive compared to traditional tonnage. This paper presents a holistic, multi-objective optimization procedure for the design of containerships, encompassing the development of parametric models for the optimization of medium size (between 3,500 and 4,000 TEU) containerships serving on a given schedule the Intra-Asian trade. Fully parametric geometric modeling techniques are employed in the frame of the CAD/CAE environment of FRIENDSHIP-Framework, combined with sophisticated assessment tools for the evaluation of critical ship design attributes, such as ship's weight, stability, resistance and powering for, common operational conditions. The developed multi-criteria optimization approach enables the effective exploration of an extended design space (with the utilization of genetic algorithms-NSGA II) targeting to a reduced Required Freight Rates (RFR), favorable Energy Efficiency Design Indices (EEDI) and minimum ballast water carriage for common operational conditions, while also disposing enhanced port efficiency. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London.(23 refs)Main heading: ShipsControlled terms: Computer aided design - Containers - Energy efficiency - Genetic algorithms - Multiobjective optimization - Shipbuilding - Waterway transportationUncontrolled terms: Container ships - Energy efficiency design indices (EEDI) -Environmental concerns - Geometric modeling - Multicriteria optimization - Operational characteristics - Operational conditions - Parametric modelsClassification Code: 921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 694 Packaging - 691 Bulk Handling and Unit Loads - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 674 Small Craft and Other Marine Craft - 672 Naval Vessels - 671 Naval Architecture - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 434.1 Waterway Transportation, General - 673.1 ShipbuildingDatabase: Compendex。