英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号2012224102011)Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.1.In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly 在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。
————《英语文摘》2015-2比喻形象生动，把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。
2.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.老人的头发雪白。
———The Washington Post2)Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Life is an isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道——《21 century》2014-32.I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.————《英语文摘》2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气，肌肉的功能也就是出力气，直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法，加强表达效果。
3）Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions . For example, the wind whistled through the trees.拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.1.The sun smiled down on the green meadows 太阳向着绿茵茵的草地俯首微笑————《natural science》2015-12.The ancient wilderness dreamed, stretched itself all open to the sun,and seemed to sigh withimmeasurable content. ————《GUARDIAN》古老的荒野做着梦, 直挺挺地躺在太阳下, 好像无限满足地叹了口气。
给荒野以人格，通过对荒野的描写展现出当时的情景，给人感同身受的感觉，也让画面更形象具体。
3.But the house was cold，closed，and unfriendly. 可是那房子冷漠无情，门窗紧闭，一点也不友好。
————《英语文摘》2015-34)Hyperbole: (夸张）：It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieveemphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..1.I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.我对于成功极度地渴望，每当听到我获得成功的消息，我都高兴得快疯了。
————《英语文摘》2015-22.1 want to crash you in my arms and cover you with all my kisses 我要拥你入怀，吻遍你。
————《LETTER》“crash”和“cover”这两个动词用得如此精彩和顶极,将小伙子对爱人炽热真切的爱情渲泄得尽善尽美,5）Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expressionfor one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as”pass away".婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话1.If anything happened to me, please take care of my wife and children.————《英语学习报》2015.5 如果我有个三长两短的话，请照看我的妻子和小孩。
这里的anything可以指“不幸”，甚至“死亡”是委婉的修辞格2.用sanitation engineer 替代garbage man(清洁工)3.用the disadvantaged替代the poor(穷人)4.用industrial action替代strike(罢工) ——《网络》6）Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.1.When the war was over，he laid down the sword and took up the pen. 战争结束后，他弃戎从文————《economist》2.Sometimes the pen maybe mightier than the sword. 有时文人比武士更有力量。
————《economist》3.The messenger was not long in returning, followed by a pair of heavy boot that came bumping along the passage like boxes.送信人不久就回来了, 后面跟着一个穿着笨重鞭子的人, 在过道里走得咯噔咯噔乱响, 像滚动的箱子一样。
————《Reader’s Digest》此例中 a pair of heavy boot (一双笨重的靴子) 属于Metonymy 译文加词为“一个穿着笨重靴子的人”4.The baby was brought up on the bottle. 这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。
————《dope》7）Synecdoche(提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般1.Many hand,make light woke. 局部代替整体,用hands表示干活的人————《economist》2..The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. ————《Reader’s Digest》3.6.It was reported that China won the volleyball match. 椐报载：在这次排球赛中，中国队赢了。
————《21 century》（以国家名称China代该国球队the Chinese Volleyball Team）8）Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.1.Make your every hello a real good-buy. 让你的每地声“哈”都真的物有所值。
————《Nature Magazine》2.We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately.我们必须紧密地团结在一起, 否则我们将被一个个地绞死。
————《Reader’s Digest》3.What do lawyers do when they die? Lie still 律师死了干啥? 身子动弹不得, 嘴上撒谎依旧。
————《英语文摘》2014-9原文通过谐音使用一种称为Pun的修辞格,构造出“一语双关”的艺术意境。