专业四级考试听写评分标准1.听写共分1５小节，每节1分,扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。

大错误下面画线。

小错误用圆圈表示,重复错误用三角记号表示。

2．每节最多扣1分。

3.重复错误,仅扣一次分。

4.错误共分两类：小错误(minoｒmisｔakes）和大错误(major ｍiｓtakes）,分别扣０.25分和0.５分。

A．小错误:1）单词拼写错一到两个字母。

例：ｓtｅａdｉlｙ→ｓtaｅdily；haｒｂor →habor两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。

2）标点符号错误（含大小写)。

例：ＷｏrｌｄWar I →wｏrｌd war onｅ, ａｎｄtｈeｎadｏpｔed →. And tｈｅn adopteｄ3) 冠词、单复数错误。

例：uｎtiｌthｅｂeginｎｉnｇ→untｉl ｂegｉnnｉng；ｐaｒenｔ→pａreｎtｓ4)小错误扣分标准:小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次：扣0.5分;出现三次:扣0.５分后留作总计;出现四次:扣1分。

5）未扣分小错误的扣分标准:累计2 ~４个:扣0．5分累计5 ~ 8个：扣1分B. 大错误:漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)、大移位、时态错误,每个错误扣0．5分。

例：loｖed →lｏve；task —test;ｔｒip —t rａp；fｌｅｅ—fｌea;have ｆｉnisｈｅｄ—finｓh(eｄ)5.一些特例的扣分标准:下列情况不扣分:Wｏrld War I →WoｒｌｄWar Onｅrａｃe car →raｃeｃaｒｗｅll-ｂalａnｃｅｄ→weｌl baｌanｃe ｄ90 percent →90％6. 总分只有0.5分时，以1分计算；其余总分中如含小数点的，小数舍去,保留整数,如12．5→12；７.5 →77. 空白卷一律打０分。

英语专业四级考试历年听写原文(1９93年——２００6年）Paｃkａｇe Hｏlｉｄaｙs(19９3)Paｃkａｇe ｈolｉdａｙs，ｃovｅrinｇa tｗo weeｋs' ｓｔaｙin an ａｔtraｃｔｉve place,are ｉncreasiｎｇlｙpoｐulaｒ. Ｏnｃe you get ｔo thｅairpｏrｔ，iｔｉｓｕp t o thｅtouｒopｅrａｔｏｒｔo sｅe ｔhat ｙou ｇeｔsafｅly to your dｅstinaｔiｏn.Ｅvｅrythｉnｇis lａiｄｏｎfｏr yoｕ.Tｈere is, iｎfact，nｏreasｏnｆor you ｔo bｏthｅｒｔo aｒranｇe anｙtｈiｎg yoｕrselves.Yｏu make ｆｒｉends anｄhａve a g ｏod ｔimｅ．But tｈeｒe ｉs very littleｃh aｎcｅｔhaｔyou wiｌl rｅａlｌy gｅt to know ｔhｅloｃal pｅｏpｌｅ.Ｔhiｓis eｖeｎlｅsｓlikelｙon a coａch toｕｒ, wｈeｎyou ｓpｅｎｄａｌｍｏst your entire ti me tｒaveｌing．Of cｏurｓｅ，theｒｅa re cａrｅｆｕlｌy pｌａnned ｓtopsｆor you tｏviｓｉt hiｓｔoriｃbｕildｉngs aｎd ｍonumｅntｓ. Yｏu may visit the beautｉfu l, the histｏｒic,the ancｉent. Buｔｔime ｉs alｗａｙs short.Thｅre is alsｏthｅa ddｅd disａdｖａntａge ｏf beinｇobｌiｇe ｄto ｓpｅｎd ｙou hｏlidａｙｗith ａgｒoｕp ｏｆpeｏpｌｅｙou haｖｅnｅｖｅr mｅｔbeｆore．ThｅAｍericaｎFａmily (１994)ＴhｅＡｍeｒｉｃan ｆamｉly ｕnit is ｃhanging. Ｔhere uｓed toｂeｍainly ｔwo typeｓof ｆａmiｌies, thｅｅxｔeｎｄed and the nuclear. Ｔｈe formｅr inclｕｄe ｄmoｔheｒ, fａｔheｒ, cｈｉldrｅn, anｄsｏmｅｏtｈer rｅｌａtives sｕch as gr andparents,liｖｉng iｎtｈe same ｈｏｕse orｎｅａrbｙ. Ｔｈenａsｔhe ecｏn ｏmy prｏgrｅssｅdｆromａｇricuｌtｕｒalｔｏiｎｄustriaｌ，ｐeople begａnｍovinｇto dｉffｅrent ｐaｒtsｏf ｔhe coｕｎtry in order to sｅarch for ｊoｂopportuni ｔｉes. Ｔhｅｓｅmｏｖes ｓpｌｉt up ｔh e eｘtenｄeｄfａｍｉly.Tｈｅnｕcｌear ｆａmｉlｙcoｎsistｉｎｇof ｏnｌy ｐarenｔs ａnｄcｈildren has therｅfｏre bｅcｏme f ar more wｉｄe sprｅaｄ．Ｔｏday’ｓfａm ｉｌy,howevｅr, cａn be compｏsed oｆdiｖeｒsｅcｏｍbinａtｉons.Wｉｔh tｈe divorce rａｔｅnｅarlyｏｎｅｉn ｔwo, tｈere＇ｓaｎｉｎcrｅase in ｓinｇle-parent homｅs—ａfather ｏｒｍother lｉｖiｎｇｗｉth one or ｍore cｈildreｎ.Bｌend ｅd ｆaｍｉｌies occｕr wheｎdivorｃｅｄmｅn aｎd women rｅmarrｙａnd coｍbiｎe the ｃhildreｎfｒom former ｍａｒrｉa gｅs iｎｔo ａnｅｗfaｍily. Ｏn ｔhe oｔh er hand,therｅｉs an increase ｉn chｉl dleｓs couples wｈile one in riｖｅAmｅｒiｃans liｖeｓalｏne.ＵｎidｅntｉｆｉeｄFｌyｉnｇObjｅcts (1995)Ｔhｅｒe ａre ｍany explanａtioｎs fｏｒｗhy ＵFＯｓvisiｔthe Ｅarth. ／Ｔｈe mｏst popｕlaｒoｎe is ｔhａt ｔｈｅy maｙｂe vｉsiｔors from other plａｎetｓ．/ Tｏfly sｕcｈａiｒｃｒaft,ｔhｅｉr bu ｉldeｒs mustｄｅveｌop dｉfferenｔｆｏｒｍｓofａviａtioｎ,/beｃause theｙｓｅｅm to fｌｙmuch fasteｒtｈan normａｌａirｃraｆｔ./ ThｅUFOs，it is bｅｌieved, mｕｓt cｏｎtain ｓcｉｅｎtiｓts/ fｒｏm ｏｔｈer ｐlanetｓwho ａre stｕｄying lｉf ｅon ｅarｔｈ．/ It is eveｎｂｅlieved that seｖerａｌsuch aｉrcrａft ｍay have ｌａnd ed on eaｒth/ and ｔｈe ｓpace viｓitors ｍａy be living aｍｏｎgｓt ｕｓ．/But the ｒe are alsｏlｅsｓfanｔａsｔiｃexｐlana ｔiｏnｓavailabｌe./Altｈouｇｈｓoｍe si ghtinｇs of UＦOs ａre dｉｆｆicｕlｔｔｏeｘｐlaｉn，moｓt ｃan bｅexｐlaｉn ｅｄｑｕiｔe eaｓｉｌy．/ Inｍanyｃａseｓｔhｅobsｅrvｅrs mｉｇｈｔｈaｖemａde a miｓtake./Thｅｙｍiｇhｔhavｅseen a ｗeatheｒbalｌoon or an ａirｃｒａft./ Or ｔhe lｉghｔtheｙsaw iｎtｈｅｓｋy ｍｉghｔhavｅbeen light fｒoｍｔhｅｇrｏｕnｄ，／reflｅcteｄｏｎto tｈｅc loｕds.／However, ｔhe exact causｅofmａny ｓightｉngｓstill ｒｅｍaｉｎeｄa mysteｒｙ.The IｎｄiaｎMedｉｃinｅMａn (1９9６)Amｏｎgｔｈe Indians of Noｒth Aｍeriｃａ, the mｅｄiｃｉne man ｗａｓa ｖe ｒy imｐｏrtant ｐersoｎ．He coulｄcu ｒe ｉllnesｓand he coulｄspeａｋtｏthe spiritｓ. Ｔhｅspiritｓwere the sｕpeｒnatural foｒces thaｔcontroｌled ｔhe wｏrld. The Iｎｄianｓbelｉeved tｈａｔbad spｉｒｉtｓmade peoｐlｅｉll. Ｓo ｗhｅｎp eｏｐle wｅrｅｉll, ｔｈe mｅdiｃine mａn trｉed to ｈelp them by usｉng magiｃ. He spｏke ｔo the gｏod spirits ａnd askｅd fo r theｉｒｈelp．Ｍaｎy peoｐｌｅwerｅc ｕred，becaｕｓe ｔheyｔｈｏｕgｈｔthe sｐirｉts ｗeｒｅhelｐing tｈｅｍ,but rea lｌy theｓe ｐeople cured themseｌvｅs．S ｏｍｅtimes yoｕr ｏｗn mindｉs the best doctor fｏr ｙou.Thｅｍedicinｅｍeｎw eｒｅｏften sｕｃcｅssfｕl for anothｅr reaso n,ｔｏo．Ｔｈeｙknｅｗabｏuｔpｌａntsｔhat ｒeａｌly cａｎcｕrｅｉllness．A lｏt of meｄｉcines aｒe maｄe ｆrｏm the plａnｔｓｔｈaｔwｅrｅｕsｅd ｂy mediｃine ｍen hundred of yeａrｓａｇo.Ｌegａl Aｇe foｒＭａrｒiagｅ（199７)Thrｏｕgｈｏut the Unｉted Ｓtatｅs, th e ｌeｇａｌａｇe foｒｍarｒｉagｅsｈｏwｓsoｍe diｆｆｅrｅncｅ. The mｏsｔco mmｏｎage wiｔhｏｕt pａｒeｎts’ ｃonsen tｉｓ1８fｏr bｏｔh femaｌes ａｎd ｍal es. Hｏweveｒ, ｐｅrsonｓwho aｒｅuｎｄe r agｅiｎthｅir hｏme state cａｎgetmarried ｉn ａｎｏtｈeｒsｔate, ａnd ｔhｅｎreturnｔｏthe hｏme sｔaｔeｌegaｌl y marｒｉed．Eａcｈsｔate iｓsuｅs ｉt ｓown marrｉagｅlicense.Both ｒｅsident s and ｎoｎ－ｒesidｅnｔｓare qｕａlｉfi ｅd ｆor sｕｃｈａｌicenｓe.Ｔhe fｅes aｎｄｃｅremonieｓvary greａtｌy from staｔe tｏstatｅ. Mｏsｔstａtes,fｏr iｎs ｔancｅ, ｈａｖe a blood tesｔreｑuｉremen t, bｕｔ a ｆew do nｏｔ．Moｓt staｔｅｓｐｅrｍｉt eｉtheｒa civiｌor ｒeｌi giouｓceremoｎy,but a few requｉre ｔhe ceremony tｏｂe ｒeligｉoｕs.In ｍｏsｔstatｅs a ｗaｉting ｐｅｒｉod is reｑui redｂefore the ｌｉcenｓe is issuｅd.Ｔｈｉｓperioｄis froｍone tｏfiｖｅｄａｙs deｐenｄing ｏn ｔhe state. A tｈreｅ-ｄa y-waｉt iｓthe most coｍｍｏn.In soｍe staｔes there isｎo requiｒed waｉting perｉod．The Raｉｌways in Bｒitain(1998)Tｈe succeｓs of early rａｉlｗayｓ, suc ｈas theｌinｅｓｂｅｔweeｎbｉg citie ｓ,/ leｄtｏa great inｃｒeａsｅｉnｒa ｉlｗayｂuｉｌding ｉn Vｉｃtorｉan ｔim es．/ Bｅtwｅｅn １８3５ａnｄ１865 ａbo uｔ２50００kilｏmeterｓoｆｔrａｃkｗｅｒｅｂuilt，／ａnd oveｒ1０0 ｒail wａy comｐanｉes weｒe crｅaｔed. / Railwayｔravelｔｒansfｏrｍed ｐeopl ｅ's lｉves./ Trainｓwere firstｄesigｎe ｄｔｏｃarｒy ｇoods. ／Ｈowｅveｒ, ａlaｗin the 1９ｔh ceｎtuｒyｆｏrcｅｄｒａilwａy companieｓto rｕｎｏne cｈｅap train a daｙ／whicｈstｏｐｐｅｄat evｅｒy ｓtatiｏn aｎd cosｔｏnｌｙ a ｐennｙａｍile. / Sｏoｎwoｒking class ｐａsｓｅnｇｅrｓfound ｔｈeｙｃoulｄafｆord toｔraveｌｂｙrａil．/Cheap dａy eｘcurｓiｏn trａｉns became populaｒａnｄseasidｅｒesorts gｒew rａpidly. ／Tｈｅｒaｉlwaｙsａｌso provided ｔｈousａnｄs of ｎｅw jobs:/ buｉlding carrｉaｇｅs, ruｎning the raｉｌwaysａnｄrｅpａirinｇthe traｃｋs. /Ｒailwａyｓeven chaｎged ｔｈｅtｉme. / The need tｏrun tｈe ra ilwａys on time mｅａｎt that ｌｏcal tｉm ｅｗas ａboｌｉsheｄ/aｎdｃｌｏcｋsｓｈowｅdｔｈe sａmｅtｉmｅall ove ｒthe country．/Ｕnitｅd Nａtiｏns Ｄay(1999）Thｅ24ｔh oｆＯctober iｓcelebｒa ted as UnｉteｄNatiｏｎs Day. h iｓａｄaｙｔhａｔbeloｎgs tｏeverｙoｎe. And it iｓcｅｌebraｔedｉn most cｏunｔｒieｓof the world．Some cｏｕntrieｓce ｌebrate for a wｅeｋinstead of ａｄay. I ｎmanｙpａrts ｏfｔhe wｏrlｄ，ｓｃｈoｏls havｅspecｉal proｇrａｍsｆoｒt hｅday. Ｂoys aｎd girlｓiｎsoｍe ｃo ｍｍuniｔｉｅs decorate a UＮtreｅ．Ｉn oｔherｃommunitｉｅｓ, yｏｕng peoｐlｅput ｏn plａyｓabｏutｔhe UN. Ｓome lib rariｅs eｘhibit children’ｓａrt worｋsｆｒom arounｄｔｈｅworld.Ｓcｈools celeb ｒａtｅｗitｈtｈe sｏｎｇs ａnd ｄａnｃes of oｔheｒｃｏuｎtries oｒgive parｔi ｅs wherｅfoｏds of othｅｒcouｎtｒｉeｓａｒｅｓｅｒvｅd. No ｍattｅr how tｈe ｄａy iｓcelebｒａｔｅd，thｅpurpｏse oｆｔｈｅｓe celｅbｒatioｎs is ｔo ｈelp evｅryｏnｅunderｓtand the UＮ, anｄtｈe imｐorｔａnt roｌeｓit plａys in woｒld ａfｆaｉrs．ＴheＵN encｏuｒaｇeｓｐｅop lｅtoｌeａrnａboｕt other laｎds ａnd t ｈｅｉｒcuｓｔｏms.In thiｓwａy, people can gainａbettｅr undｅrｓtandｉnｇand apｐreciａtｉoｎｏｆpeｏpｌeｓalｌov eｒｔhe wｏrlｄ．Ｗｈat Ｗe Ｋnow Aｂout Laｎｇｕaｇe (2００0)Many thinｇsａbｏｕｔlaｎguage ａｒe a mｙｓtｅｒy ａｎｄwｉlｌrｅm ａin sｏ. Howeveｒ，we noｗｄｏｋｎｏw ｓoｍetｈing ａbout ｉｔ. Fｉrsｔ, wｅｋn oｗｔｈatａｌl huｍａn bｅings hａve a ｌanguaｇｅｏf sｏｍe sort. Ｎo hｕman r acｅanywｈere on eaｒｔｈｉｓso baｃｋwardｔｈａtｉt ｈasｎo langｕaｇｅof iｔｓoｗnａｔａll. Seｃond, ｔher eｉs no such thing aｓａｐrｉmitiｖｅlanｇｕaｇe.Ｔhｅｒｅａrｅmany ｐｅople ｓｗhｏsｅｃulｔｕres are undevｅlopｅd bｕｔtｈｅlａnｇuaｇeｓｔhey ｓpeaｋａｒe ｂyｎo meaｎs pｒimitivｅ．Iｎa lｌｔｈeｌanguagｅｓeｘiｓｔinｇin the wｏrlｄｔodaｙ，ｔheｒｅａre comｐlex itｉｅs ｔhａt muｓt ｈaｖｅｂeen devｅｌopeｄfor yearｓ.Ｔｈird,wｅkｎowｔｈａt all laｎguaｇeｓare peｒfecｔｌｙａdeqｕatｅ. Each isａｐｅrfｅct ｍｅanｓｏf eｘpressｉｎgｉｔs ｃｕlｔuｒe．And finａlly, wｅｋｎoｗthatｌanguａge ｃｈａnｇes ｏveｒtiｍｅ, ｗhich isｎatuｒａl and normaｌif a langｕagｅiｓtｏｓｕrｖivｅ．Tｈe ｌanguaｇe wｈich remains ｕnｃhanｇeｄis nｏthiｎg bｕtｄeａd.Cｈａraｃｔeｒisｔiｃs of A Gｏod Reａde ｒ(20０1)Ｔoｉmｐｒovｅyour readｉnｇｈａbiｔs, yｏｕｍuｓt undersｔａnｄｔhecｈarａctｅriｓｔｉcｓof ａgｏod reaｄe ｒ．Fｉrsｔ, tｈｅgoｏｄｒeａdｅｒusual ly reads ｒapiｄｌy. Ｏf ｃｏurｓe,ｈe ｄo es noｔreａd evｅｒy ｐieｃｅof mａterial ａt the samｅrate．But whetｈeｒhｅis ｒeading a newｓpapeｒｏｒa chapteｒin aｐｈyｓiｃｓtｅｘｔ,hiｓrｅａdiｎｇrate is ｒelatｉvｅｌyｆaｓｔ. Ｈｅｈａs ｌeaｒned to read for ideａｓｒａther thａｎwordsｏne aｔa tiｍe．Ｎext，ｔｈｅgood reａdeｒｃanｒecoｇｎiｚe and u ｎdｅrstand genｅraｌｉdｅaｓand spｅcifｉc detａiｌs．Ｔhus he is able tｏｃomprehend ｔhe matｅrｉal wiｔh a mｉnimum o f effort aｎd a maxiｍuｍofｉnterｅs ｔ．Fiｎaｌlｙ, the gooｄreaｄeｒhaｓｉｎhis ｃoｍmand severaｌspeciaｌskill s，whiｃh heｃaｎapｐly to readiｎg pｒｏｂlｅｍｓas theｙoccur. Fｏr the ｃoｌｌｅge ｓｔudeｎt, tｈe ｍosｔhelｐfuｌｏｆｔhｅse skillｓｉnｃludｅmaking ｕse of the vaｒiｏuｓaids tｏunｄｅｒｓｔan ｄｉｎg ｔｈａｔｍoｓt tｅxt bookｓprovid eａnｄｓkim-ｒｅadｉng fｏｒａgｅner aｌsurvey.Disappeａrｉｎg Fｏreｓts(2002）Tｈe ｗorld’s ｆorｅｓｔs arｅｄiｓappearing．As muｃｈaｓ1/3 oｆｔhe t ｏtal tree coｖeｒｈａs ｂeｅｎlost siｎce agrｉcｕlｔｕｒe bｅgan somｅ10，０00ｙears ago．Tｈｅremaｉｎiｎg forests are homｅto ｈaｌｆof thｅｗorld’s sｐｅc ｉes, thus ｂeｃｏmiｎｇthe cｈief reｓoｕr ｃeｆｏｒtheir sｕrvival. Ｔroｐicaｌrai nｆｏrｅsｔｓｏｎｃe cｏｖered12% oｆthe land ofｔｈe pｌanet，aｓｗeｌl as sｕppoｒtｉng ａｔlｅａstｈａlf oｆｔhｅwｏrlｄ’sｓｐｅｃｉesｏｆpｌaｎｔs ａnd aniｍａls. Ｔhesｅｒａin ｆｏrestsａｒe home to mｉｌlｉonｓof people. B ut thｅｒe ａrｅoｔhｅｒdｅmａnds on th ｅｍ．Ｆｏr eｘａmple,mucｈhas beｅn c ｕt for timber．An inｃreａsiｎｇamoｕn ｔoｆfｏrest ｌａnd hａｓbeeｎused for induｓｔrialｐurｐoses ｏｒfoｒａgｒｉcultuｒａl dｅvｅlopment sucｈas ｃｒｏp －grｏwing．Ｂｙｔhe 1９90’s lｅｓsｔh aｎｈaｌｆof the earth’ｓoriginaｌｒain forｅsｔs reｍaｉneｄ,aｎd they continued to diｓaｐp eａｒat an ａｌaｒmiｎg ratｅe ｖeｒy year. Aｓ a rｅsultｔhｅwｏｒlｄ’s foｒesｔs arｅnoｗfaciｎg ｇradｕaｌextinctioｎ.Salmｏn（20０3)Evｅｒy ｙeａr, mｉlｌｉｏｎs ｏｆsａｌｍon swiｍｆｒom tｈe oｃｅaｎinto ｔｈe moｕths ｏf riｖeｒs aｎd then steａdil y ｕｐthｅｒiveｒs.Pａsｓiｎg tｈｒｏu ｇh ｗateｒs, ａroｕnd rｏｃｋs ａｎd waｔｅrfallｓ,tｈe fｉｓh fｉnaｌly reａch thｅi ｒorigiｎalｓｔｒeaｍｓor lａｋes. Ｔhｅy ｄiｇouｔnesｔs ｉnｔhe riveｒｂｅｄａnｄlａy theｉr eｇｇｓ. Theｎ,ｅxhaus ｔeｄby ｔheiｒjｏｕｒｎｅｙ, the ｐaｒｅnt sａlｍoｎdｉe．Ｔｈeｙｈａｖｅfinｉsheｄｔhe taｓk tｈatｎatuｒｅhａｓｇiv en tｈem. Mｏntｈｓ, or yearｓｌater, the ｙｏunｇfish stａrt tｈeir triｐtｏthｅｏｃeａn．Tｈeｙlｉve inｔhｅsalt ｗater from 2-7years, until ｔｈey，ｔoo are rｅady to ｓｗｉm bａck to reｐroduce.Thｅｉｒｌife cｙclｅhｅlps ｍａn provide himse ｌf wiｔｈａｂａsｉcｆｏｏd-ｆｉｓh．Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅadｕｌt sａｌmoｎgat ｈer aｔthe rｉvｅr mouthsｆor ｔhe a ｎnuaｌtｒip up tｈe rivｅrs，ｔhey ar e iｎｔhe besｔｐｏｓsｉble coｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ, aｎdｎearｌy ｅｖery haｒbor hａs i tｓsalmon fisｈinｇfleｅt ｒeadｙtｏcatc h ｔhousａｎｄｓｆor ｍarketｓ.Money (2004）Ｍｏneｙisａｃcｅｐｔeｄacrｏｓs t ｈe wｏｒld aｓpaymｅｎt foｒｇoｏdｓｏｒserｖiceｓ. Ｐeople usｅmｏneｙto buy ｆood,clotheｓａnd hｕndreｄs oｆo ｔｈer ｔｈinｇs. In tｈe ｐａsｔ, ｍaｎyｄifferｅnt thiｎgs werｅuｓedａs mone y．Peｏpｌe on Paｃific iｓlands once eｘｃhａｎgeｄshelｌs for goods．Ｔhe Ｃhiｎe ｓｅused clｏth aｎd ｋniｖｅｓ.Ｉn Afri ca,eleｐhant tｕsｋs or saｌt ｗere ｕｓe d．Eveｎtoｄaｙ，ｓｏｍe peｏple in Afri ｃａａｒe stiｌｌｐaid iｎｓalｔ. Ｃoｉnｓｗere first invented bｙthｅChineｓe.Orｉginaｌlｙ, ｔｈeyｗeｒｅｒoundｐiｅces ofｍetal wｉｔhａhｏleｉn thecentｅr，so tｈat a ｐiece ｏfｓtrｉｎｇｃouｌｄkｅep them togetｈｅr.This ma de ｄoing busineｓs muｃh eaｓier, ｂuｔp eｏｐle stiｌｌfｏuｎd coins inconveｎien ｔto caｒrｙwhｅｎthｅy ｗanｔed tｏbｕｙｓoｍethiｎg expeｎsｉvｅ. Tｏｓolｖe this problem, tｈeＣhiｎeｓｅagain cａme up wiｔh thｅsoｌuｔｉｏn.Ｔｈｅｙbｅｇaｎｔｏuseｐａper mｏnｅｙfor cｏins.Now papｅｒnoｔｅsａre ｕsed thｒougｈout thｅworld.TｈｅWrist Watch (2００５)It iｓｇeneｒallｙbeｌiｅｖｅd that ｗrist watｃｈeｓａre an eｘcepｔion / to th e nｏrmal seｑｕenｃeｉｎｔｈｅevｏlu ｔion of ｍａｎ's jｅｗelrｙ. ／Reｖerｓing ｔｈｅusｕal oｒdｅr, theｙwere ｆirstｗornｂｙwｏｍen,/ aｎd then aｄopted ｂy meｎ. /Ｉn the old ｄaｙs, ｑueenｓｉnclｕdeｄwrisｔwatchｅｓamong tｈeirｃrown ｊｅwelｒｙ. /Lａtｅr，they ｗｅｒe woｒｎby Sｗｉｓs ｗorkers and farｍer s./ UｎｔｉlＷoｒld War I, Ａmｅrｉcaｎs aｓｓｏciａｔed the watchｗiｔｈfｏr ｔuｎｅhunterｓ. / Thｅｎaｒmｙoffiｃersdｉｓcovered tｈat ｔhe ｗrｉｓtｗatch was most practical for aｃtiｖe cｏmbａｔ．/Racｅcａr dｒｉveｒｓaｌsｏlov ed to wear wｒiｓt wａｔches，／ａnd pｉｌｏts foｕndｔhｅm moｓt useful w ｈｉle fｌyｉｎg．/ Soon meｎdaｒed ｔｏｗear wｒisｔwａｔcheｓwiｔhout f eeling sｅlf-consciｏｕs./By１９2４, so me30 ｐｅrｃeｎt of man's watcｈeｓｗer e worn oｎｔhｅｗｒiｓt. /Ｔodａy，ｔｈe figure ｉｓ90peｒcｅnt．/Aｎd th ｅy are now worn ｂy ｂoｔh menａnd w ｏｍeｎ/ for pｒaｃｔicaｌpurposes raｔher ｔｈan forｄeｃoｒation.The Iｎtｅｒnet (２006)Tｈe Iｎternｅｔis tｈｅmｏst ｓiｇnｉficant ｐｒogrｅss in the fiｅld of cｏmmun icａtｉoｎs. / Ｉmａgｉne a book that neｖe ｒenｄs, a ｌibrａry ｗiｔh a mｉｌlion floorｓ，/oｒimagｉｎe a researchｐｒo ｊecｔｗith ｔhouｓandｓｏｆsｃieｎtｉｓｔｓ/ ｗoｒkiｎg ａrounｄtｈeｃloｃk foreｖeｒ．/ This iｓｔhｅmaｇicｏｆtｈe Ｉｎｔerｎeｔ．/ Yｅt theＩnｔerne t has tｈｅpotentiａl fｏr good and bad.／Oｎe cａn ｆｉｎd ｗell-ｏrgａnｉzｅd，infoｒｍａtion－rich weｂsiｔeｓ．/ At tｈe ｓａｍｅtｉme,ｏｎｅｃan also fi nd waｓteｆul websites．/ Ｍoｓｔwｅbｓｉｔeｓａre kｎｏwｎａｓdifferent Iｎte ｒnet applｉcaｔｉonｓ. /Theｓe inclｕｄe onlinｅgamｅs, ｃｈat rooｍs（ｃhaｔrｏo mｓ）andｓｏon. / These ａｐplicatiｏns have grｅaｔpowｅｒ, tｏo. / Soｍeｔimeｓｔhe power can bｅso great ／ｔｈａt ｙｏuｎg peｏple maｙeasily become viｃt ｉms to ｔｈｅir attｒａｃtｉon. / So we n eed tｏｒecｏgｎiｚｅｔheｓerｉousness o ｆthｅｐroｂleｍ. / We ｍuｓｔｗｏｒｋｔogｅthｅr ｔo use itsｐｏwerｆoｒb ｅtｔeｒｅｎdｓ.专业四级标准听写二十篇TEM 4 Dictaｔion PｒaｃticｅsＰassaｇe 1SaｌtWe doｎｏt know wｈｅｎｍaｎf ｉｒst bｅgaｎｔo uｓe salｔ,/ ｂut wｅdo ｋｎowｔｈat iｔｈaｓbeｅn useｄiｎmanｙdiffｅrent waｙｓthｒougｈoutｈistoｒy．／Hisｔｏricａｌeviｄｅｎｃe ｓhｏws，ｆoｒeｘample, thａｔpeopｌｅwｈo ｌｉvｅｄover 3,0０0years ago ate slaｔed fisｈ．/ Thousaｎds ｏf yｅarｓa gｏin Egypt，salt ｗaｓｕseｄｔo prｅs eｒve thｅdead.／Stealｉng ｓaltｗａs cｏnsｉdereｄａmajor crimｅdurinｇsoｍe periods ｏf histｏｒy./ Ｉｎ１８th cｅntuｒｙ，ｆoｒｉnsｔａnｃe,/ iｆａpｅrson wasｃａｕghｔｓtealing salｔ，ｈe can be put i ｎjail．/History rｅcoｒds ｔhat ａｂoｕt ｔen thousanｄpｅoｐlｅｗｅre pｕｔi n jａil dｕrｉｎｇthａt ｃenｔｕｒy ｆoｒｓtｅａｌing sａlｔ．/Abouｔ１50 ｙｅaｒsｂｅfoｒe，in ｔhe yeaｒ１55３, ／t aking mｏre saｌt that oｎe was aｌｌｏwed ｔo wａs puｎiｓhabｌe aｓａcｒiｍe．/The offｅnｄｅr’ｓｅar was ｃuｔofｆ.Salt waｓaｎimpｏrtaｎt item on the table of ｒoｙaltｙ./It wａs tｒaｄitｉonａlｌy ｐlacｅd iｎfront of the ｋｉng w henｈeｓat dowｎtｏeat./ Iｍｐorｔａｎt gｕｅsｔｓaｔthｅｋing’ｓｔabｌe ｗere ｓeateｄnｅａr the sａｌt．/ Leｓs importaｎt gueｓtsｗere ｇｉveｎseats fart ｈeｒawayｆｒｏm it．／(17５worｄs)Paｓｓagｅ2PerceptｉonsAsk ｔhｒee pｅopｌｅｔo lｏｏk out ｏf the ｓame wiｎdｏｗaｔa busｙｓtre eｔandｔell yｏｕｗhat tｈey sｅe．/P ｒｏbａｂly you will rｅｃｅｉvｅtｈｒeｅｄiffｅrｅnt answers. ／Eacｈperson ｓee s theｓameｓcｅnｅ, bｕt each pｅｒceiｖes sｏmｅｔｈiｎg differeｎt aboｕt iｔ．/Perｃeiｖinｇgoｅs inｏuｒminds. /Of ｔhｅtｈrｅe peoｐle who look ｏｕt ｏf ｔhe windｏw / one ｍaｙsaｙthatｈe ｓe es a ｐoliceｍan giｖiｎｇa driveｒ a tic ｋet./ Aｎother may sａyｔhaｔhe sｅesａruｓh–hour ｔｒaｆfｉc jam aｔthｅstreｅt ｃｏrｎeｒ．／Thｅｔｈird mａy tell youｔhat he ｓees ａｗoｍａn ｔrｙiｎｇto cross ｔhｅｓtｒeeｔwｉｔh four chｉｌdreｎ. ／Fｏｒｐeｒcｅpｔi on iｓtｈe mind’s interpretatｉoｎ/ of wha ｔthe ｓenses–in this caｓe our eyｅs –ｔell us．/Maｎｙpｓychoｌｏｇistｓtoｄay ａre ｗo rｋiｎg to ｔry to eｘｐlain /ｊust ｈowa pｅｒsｏｎexpｅriencｅs oｒｐeｒceｉｖe ｔｈｅwoｒｌdａｒｏund ｈim．/ Ｕsｉnｇａscienｔiｆiｃｍethｏｄｔhｅsｅｐｓychｏloｇists sｅt uｐeｘｐerｉｍeｎｔs:／thｅy aｒe trｙing to fiｎd oｕtｗhａt mａkｅs diffｅｒeｎt pｅｏple /perceｉｖｅtｏｔａlｌｙdiｆferenｔtｈiｎgs aboｕt t he saｍeｓcene./ (164words)Ｐaｓsａge 3BaｌｌoｏnsBalｌoonｓhave bｅｅn uｓｅｄfor s ｐort foｒaｂoｕt onｅｈundred ｙｅaｒs.／Thｅre are two kinｄs of sｐｏrt bａｌl ｏoｎｓ: gａs aｎd hｏt air. / Hot air bａllo onｓare saｆｅr tｈan gaｓｂalloons，／ｗhｉｃｈmay caｔｃh fire.／Ｈot ａｉr balloons are ｐrefｅrｒｅｄｂy most ｂall oｏnists iｎｔhe Ｕnitｅd Stateｓbｅcａu ｓe ｏf tｈeｉr ｓaｆety. /Thｅy ａrｅal so cｈeａｐeｒａｎd eａsｉer to ｍanag ｅｒthan ｇas ballｏｏns. ／Ｄespiｔeｔhｅeaｓｅof operaｔing a balloｏn，/ piｌotｓmuｓt ｗatｃｈthe weatheｒｃa ｒeｆｕlｌy./Spｏrt ballｏｏn ｆｌｉｇｈt s ａrｅbeｓt earlｙiｎｔhｅｍｏrｎｉng/ ｏr late ｉn thｅａｆtｅｒｎｏｏｎ, wh ｅnｔhe windｉｓlight．／Ｏvｅｒｔｈeｙears，baｌｌooｎiｓtｓhavｅｔri ｅｄｕnsucｃesｓｆuｌly ｔo ｃｒoss ｔhe Ａtlaｎｔic./Iｔｗasn＇t untｉl1978ｔhaｔthree Amｅｒicａｎbａllooｎｉｓｔs ｓuｃcｅeｄed．/ It tｏoｋthｅm ｊust ｓix dａｙｓto make theｔrｉｐ/ｆrｏm ｔｈeｉr homｅs in the Unｉtｅd Ｓtate s to Paris, Frａnce. / Theｉｒｖoyageｃap ｔured the iｍaｇiｎａtiｏn ｏf tｈe ｗhｏl e woｒｌd. / (143wordｓ)Passaｇe 4 YoｕFound ａJob, Now How ｄo ＹoｕSavｅMoneｙ?Saｖｉng ｙour hａｒd ｅarneｄmonｅy caｎｂeｄifficult, / as mosｔｏf us enjｏy ｓpｅｎdｉnｇｒather than sａｖｉｎg，/I ｃertａinlｙhａd a touｇh ｔｉme ｈold inｇonto mｙmoney evｅry paｙdａｙ./Ｗhen Ｉgot my fiｒst fｅw ｐａycheckｓ，／rｉｇht awａy I spent the colｄ, hardｃash I’d eａｒneｄby ｈaｒd wｏｒk. /BｕｔＩｑuickly reaｌｉzeｄthaｔthiｓｓoｒt of sｐending woｕldｎ’t really h eｌp mｅgｅt tｈｅtｈings I ｗanted．／SｏI mａdｅaｐａct with myself．I ｐｒｏmｉｓe tｈat ｂeforｅＩdiｄanｙthi ng with tｈｅmoney，/I would depｏｓiｔａｔｌｅaｓt ５0% ｏｆtｈe monｅy in ｔo mｙsａving accｏunt．/Tｈat wa ｙ, I ｅliｍｉnateｄtｈe ｔeｍptａｔion to s ｐｅｎｄtｈaｔmｏnｅｙ．/Aftｅr I gｏt ｕsed ｔo sａｖiｎg ｍy m oｎey,/ ｉｔｗaｓmuｃh easieｒｆｏr ｍe notｔo beｔｅmｐted to buｙｔhiｎgｓｗheｎＩsaw them. ／When I saｗa CD or ｖｉdeo gameｔｈat lｏokｅｄapｐeａｌｉng, /Ｉleaｒｎeｄtｏa ｓk myｓelf, “Do I ｒｅａｌly need thｉs？” /Aｓｋiｎg ｔhｉs qｕeｓｔｉｏnｈeｌｐeｄmｅapprｅciate mｙｍoｎeｙａｎｄｎｏｔleｔｉt slip out oｆmｙwal let ｑｕｉte ｓo faｓt./ (173 wordｓ）Ｐａsｓaｇe5Ｏnｌiｎe Health FｏrumThｅre aｒe many aspｅctsｔo hｅalth,i ｌｌｎesｓaｎｄhealｉng.／Aｍong all ｔhe teａcｈｉnｇｓｔhere ｉs one tｈemｅthａt is uｎiｖｅrsａｌｔo tｈem aｌｌ/ aｎｄthaｔiｓthe unqｕesｔionａble bｅn ｅfiｔachｉeved bｙｃoｍmuｎiｃatｉng with others ａbout healｔh and its rｅlａted ｉsｓues.／Iｔis wｉth thｉs ｓｉｎglｅphｉｌoｓｏｐｈy inｍｉnd/ that ｗe h ave dｅveｌｏped thiｓsite aｓａforｕm fｏr cｏmｍunicaｔion．／Ｄeａｌing ｗitha medicaｌcｏncernｉｓoｆteｎdｉfficu lｔ. /Ｃoｎnecｔｉng ｗｉth others whｏａrｅｇｏinｇtｈrouｇh the sａｍe thin ｇ／ｃanｍakｅa ｗorlｄof diffｅreｎcｅ．/ Our miｓｓｉon is to ｄevｅｌｏp online cｏｍmuｎｉties to help yoｕmａke t hｏse connｅctiｏns. / Youｃａn posｔｑｕeｓtioｎｓ，cｏmｍents ａnd responｄt ｏｍesｓａges ｆroｍｏｔhers. / Wｅ’ve g ｏt ｖariouｓtｏpｉcs, ａnｄｗｅ’re aｄｄｉng more aｌl thｅtime. / If yoｕdon’ｔsee the ｔｏpｉc yoｕａre loｏｋinｇｆor, / jｕst let us know anｄwe ｗill cｏn ｓｉｄer a mｅssaｇeｂoａrd for it. ／W ｅｈｏpe you dｅｃｉdｅto bｅcｏmeａregｕlaｒpａrtｉｃipant／anｄｈｅl pｔｏmａｋe this ａgreat rｅsource. / (15８ｗｏrds)Passaｇe6ＷｏｒｄsＨｏw meｎfirst ｌeａｒｎｔo inｖｅn ｔｗords iｓuｎkｎｏwn，／in otｈeｒｗordｓ,ｔhe origin ｏｆｌanｇuａge ｉｓａmysteｒy./Ａll ｗe realｌy kｎow tｈat ｉs ｍen, unlike anｉmａls，/ ｓｏｍｅｈoｗinvｅntｅd ｃerｔａin soundｓto expｒeｓｓｔｈoughｔsａnｄｆｅelings，/ａctions ａndｔｈiｎgｓ,ｓo that theyｃａｎｃommunicaｔeｗｉth eaｃh other; /andｔｈat laｔer they agｒｅｅｄｕｐon cｅrtａｉn siｇｎｓ,ｃalｌed lｅtterｓ,／ｗｈiｃh coulｄbe ｒepresent ｔhose souｎｄｓ，aｎｄｗhiｃh coulｄｂe wｒi ttｅn dｏwｎ. ／Thoｓe soundｓ,wheｔhe ｒsｐｏｋen ｏr ｗｒitten iｎleｔｔers, wｅr caｌlｗords. / Tｈｅｐower oｆword ｓ,theｎlｉｅs in thｅｉr assocｉatiｏns, / thaｔis, ｔhｅthｉngs ｔheｙbrｉng up ｂefｏrｅour miｎds. ／Woｒdｓｂeｃo mｅfilled witｈｍeａｎｉｎｇfoｒｕs by exｐerieｎce;/ and thｅlonger ｗeｒliv ｅ, tｈｅmｏre we ｒeminｄed oｆthe ｇl ａｄａnd ｓad evｅntｓ/ ｏf our pasｔby certaｉｎｗords ｗｅrｒead aｎd learn, / the mｏｒｅｔｈｅnｕmbeｒｏf ｔhe woｒdｓ/ tｈａｔｍeanｓsｏmethinｇｔｏuｓiｎcrｅａse./ (1４9 wｏｒdｓ)Pasｓage ７Teａｃｈer－stuｄent ＲelaｔｉonsｈiｐThｅｒelatiｏnｓhｉp bｅｔween a ｔｅa ｃher aｎｄａstudeｎt caｎｂe ｅｉther ｇｏod or bad, ｈｅｌpful oｒhａrmful. ／Ｅitherｗaｙ, theｒeｌatiｏnshｉp cａｎａｆfeｃｔtｈe student fｏr the ｒesｔofｈis liｆe．/ A gｏoｄｔeacｈｅr－ｓtudｅnt ｒelaｔｉonshｉp ｗill makｅthe tｅａcher’ｓjoｂwｏｒthwhｉle．／A baｄrelａｔionｓhipｃａn discoｕｒａgｅtｈｅｓt ｕdent frｏｍlｅarnｉng ／ａnd mａkｅt ｅachiｎg an unｐleasaｎｔｔask．/Ｉｎorｄｅr to hａｖe a good teaｃher-stｕdeｎt rｅｌatｉonshiｐ, ／ｒespｅct bｅt ｗｅen ｔｅａcher and ｓtｕｄｅnｔiｓveｒy iｍｐoｒｔａnt．/ Ifｔｈe tｅaｃｈｅr ｉｓtoo stｒiｃt,he fｒightｅnsｔhe ｓｔｕdｅnt. / Ifｔhe teａcheｒｉｓｔoo ｆriｅｎdly, thｅsｔudｅnt mａｙbecｏme lazｙand sｔｏp ｌeａrniｎg hard. / The t eacｈｅr’ｓａttｉｔude and ａｐpｒoａch shｏuld be in bｅtｗｅｅn those ｔｗoｅｘｔrｅmes./Ａs fｏｒtｈeｓtｕｄｅｎt, his pｒｏpｅｒresｐect tｏｔｈｅｔｅacｈｅｒmｕｓtｂe sｈoｗn aｌl ｔhｅt ｉmｅ. / He sｈould be eａger ｔｏleａｒｎanｄwiｌｌｉnｇtｏwork hａｒd.／Iｎcoｎcｌuｓｉon， a goｏd tｅacheｒ-s ｔｕｄeｎt rｅlａtｉonsｈｉp cａn bｅben ｅfiｃial to botｈ./ Thｅstudｅｎt aｂｓorb s knowｌｅdge eａgerｌy aｎdｅnｊｏyab ｌe, / and ｔｈe tｅacｈer gaiｎｓsatisfacｔi ｏn from his work. ／（163 words)Pasｓaｇe ８NｅａrｓiｇｈｔｅｄneｓsWeａk eyesighｔｉｓａterｍtｈat is ｇeneｒallyｕｓed to rｅfeｒto neａr sightedｅｙeｓ．/ Peopｌｅwhoａre nｅa rsｉghtｅd can ｓee welｌａt a sｈort rａn ｇｅ, /bｕt anytｈｉngｖeｒｙｆａr a ｗaｙiｓｌikｅlyｔo be uｎclｅar./ T hｅteｒｍ“weａｋeｙｅｓigｈt” is ｍｉｓleadiｎg, ／for ｉn neaｒsighted ｅyｅｓtｈｅleｎs ｏf tｈｅeye ｉs aｃtuaｌly too ｓｔrｏｎg．/The ｎｅarsｉgｈtｅｄｌe ns isｓo pｏwｅｒfuｌtｈaｔit fｏcｕｓｅs thｅlight cominｇonto tｈe eｙe sｏｑuｉcklｙ．/Nｅａrsiｇhteｄnｅsｓis ｃｏｍmｏｎ, and iｔs grｏwth maｙbe grade ｄ；／oｆｔｅｎthe ｕncleａｒnｅss ｏfdｉstanｔobｊｅct ｉｓｓo sligｈt at fｉrst ／thａｔａｐerｓon may nｏt reｃogｎｉze ｔhｅｃonditｉon. /Ｎeaｒsiｇhｔedneｓs is ｆｒeｑueｎｔly dｉsｃoｖerｅdｆirsｔatｓcｈool．／I ｔｉｓｈerｅtｈａｔ a sｔｕdenｔfｉr ｓt reaｌizｅs ｔhe dｉfｆｉcultｙofｓeein ｇｗordｓｏｎｔｈe ｂlａckｂoarｄ，/ whereas otｈers in ｔｈe ｃlaｓs hａve no ｔｒouble reaｄinｇthe bｌａｃｋｂｏａｒｄat aｌl. /Ａfteｒｄiｓｃｏｖery, nｅａrｓｉgｈtedness cａｎｅaｓiｌｙbe corre cted. /Yｏu juｓt neeｄs aｐaｉｒｏf glasses／whicｈcａｎdeｃｒease the po。