Chapter 9 HistoryI.America in the Colonial Era1、The first Americans:traditionally believed that were Indians,descendants of theMongoloid people in Asia.2、In 1492,Christopher Columbus is believed to have discovered America.<1>found the island of the Caribbean,and called the natives Indians.<2>Italian navigator,Amerigo Vespucci,discovered the continent of SouthAmerica3、The first successful English colony in North America<1>Found at Jamestown Virginia in 1607.<2>In 1620,the Pilgrim Fathers landed in Plymouth,Massachusetts byMayflower.<3>By 1733,English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlanticcoast.<4>the French and controlled Canada and Louisiana.<5>After the Seven Years’War,England gained control of Canada and all of NorthAmerica east of the Mississippi in 1763.4、The conflict in England and its colonies<1>England imposed new taxes partly<2>the colonies resented the taxes and resisted the quartering of soldiers.II.The War of Independence1、On April19,1775,some British were sent to Concord to search for weaponsand “rebelling” colonists.2、The first shots in the American War of Independence were fired.<1>In May 1775,the Second Continental Congress was held inPhiladelphia,acted as a provisional governmentof the 13 colony-states.<2>Established the Continental Army and Navy.<3>Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence.Odopted on July4,1776.◆Presented a public defense of the American War of Independence.◆Explained the philosophy behind the war,”Life,Liberty and the pursuitof happiness”.◆“the consent of the governed”.3、In October 1777,the Americans won a great victory at Saratoga – the turningpoint of the war.4、In 1781,the Americans won a decisive victory at Yorktown,and the Britishsoliders were forced to surrender.5、In 1783,the Birtish and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris,Unitedstates of America won its independence.III.The Civil War1、The reason of slavery existed<1>In the South,the land was abundant and suitable for farming<2>In the North,there was a growing demand for labor to work in factories. 2、The reason of the abolition of slavery<1>Some Northerners wanted to get slavery from the South.<2>Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked to finance thebuilding of railways and roads.3、On January1,1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to grantfreedom to all slaves.IV.America in the 20th Century1、At the start of World War I<1>President Wailson: Neutrality on behalf of the people of US<2>In 1917,the US entered the war.①That submarines to England greatly injured American trade.②Germany promised the Mexicans to regain its lost territory by going towar against the US.③Both sides grew weary,it’s a chance to successfully influence the result ofthe war.<3>In 1918,President Wilson proposed his Fourteen Points as the basis forpeace negotiation.<4>On June28,1919,the Versailles Treaty was signed.2、After World War I<1>the Great Depress Broke out.<2>Franklin D.Roosevelt was elected President and introduced “New Deal”in 19333、In the early days of World War II<1>Adopted a sit-on –the-fence policy.<2>①In 1940,Japan had openly announced its “New Order”.②On December7,1941,Japanese planes showered bombs at PearlHarbor,Hawaii,America into the war.③In June 1944,landed on the beaches of Normandy.④In May 1945,Germany surrdendered.On August 6 and 9,American airplanesdroped two atomic bombs in Japan,on 14th,Japan surrendered and WorldWar II ended.4、The Cold War<1>dissgreements between the Soviet Union and the United States5<2>In the spring of 1947, t he “Truman Doctrine”-the beginning of the ColdWar.<3>In April 1949,forming the North Atlsntic Treaty Organization.<4>The Vietnam War①Was started by Eisenhower and continued by John F.Kennedy.②In 1973,Richard M.Nixon announce Vietnam War ended.③Nixon achieved two diplomatic breakthroughs.5、The policy of Ronald Reagan<1> called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes.<2>Inflation: Under control and by 1983,was underway.<3>social welfare: drastically curtailed.6、George H.Bush: followed Reagan’s economic program and contrated onsolving social and economic problems.7、Clinton: <1>approved the North American Free Trade Agreement.<2>In 1998,had an affair with a young intern ,lead to a period of turmoil.V. America in the 21st Century1、In 2000, George W.Bush became the President of US.2、Deal with an economy that was beginning to silp from its peak of the late 1990s.3、On September11,2001,suffered the most devasting foreign attack ever against its mainland.<1>destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center.<2>Crashed into the Pentagoni4、In 2002,”axis of the evil”5、On March20,2003,the troops began an invasion of Iraq and Baghdad fell onApril 9.。