动名词（Gerund）动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing构成，否定形式为not doing，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。

一、动名词保留着动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化。

其时态语态形式如二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语1、作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。

例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。

Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。

Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。

注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。

例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。

It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。

It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。

It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。

It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。

There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。

2、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。

例如：swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室working people 劳动人民3、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。

动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。

例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。

注意：动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。

记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。

例如：The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。

His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词）他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。

Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。

His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式）他的愿望是当飞行员。

4、作宾语。

动名词既可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。

例如：He is fond of playing football.I like swimming.①在下列动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，deny, dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help（情不自禁）等。

②下列动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try。

例如：Let’s go on studying Lesson 6.（让我们继续学第六课。

说明前面已学了一部分。

）Let’s go on to study Lesson 6.（让我们接着学第六课。

说明前面已学了第五课。

）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。

）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。

）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。

）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。

）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。

）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。

）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。

）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。

）③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如：We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。

如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.⑤在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there’s no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。

有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。

⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。

但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。

如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。

2，练习题Ⅰ、单项选择：1. No one enjoys _______ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent your house _______.A. to be broken inB. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3. They insisted on _______ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking5. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；paintingD. painted；painted6. After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7. The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8. Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.A. to learn；to learnB. learning；learningC. learning about；learnD. learning about；learning9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.A. missedB. to be missingC. missingD. to be missed10. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.A. to studyB. studyingC. to studyingD. study11. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. be put back12. As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；postB. hearing；to postC. be heard；postingD. be hearing；to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.A. to readB. to seeC. readingD. in seeing14. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15. We appreciate _______ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16. Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.A. keeping；filling outB. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill outD. to keep；filling out17. He was afraid _______ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seenC. to be seenD. to have seen18. I'd like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19. I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.A. finish；helpingB. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helpingD. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.A. doing；being doneB. doing；doingC. to be done；to be doneD. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted _______ the work.A. finishB. to finishC. in finishingD. on finishing22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answerB. answeringC. writingD. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caughtC. being caughtD. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to takeB. may leave；takingC. might leave；to takeD. could have left；taking25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A. After hearingB. On hearingC. While hearingD. Having heard26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.A. To see；to laughB. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughingD. To see；laughing27. It's no use _______ so much money on clothes.A. spendB. spentC. spendingD. being spent28. The sentence needs _______.A. improveB. a improvementC. improvingD. improved29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A. to findB. to look forC. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to takeⅡ、填入动词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5. We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)7. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。