科技是怎样让人变傻的How good software makes us stupid?科技是怎样让人变傻的？People assume that iPhones, laptops and Netflix are evidence of progress. In some ways, that's true. A moderate amount of Googling, for instance,can be good for your brain, and there are apps that can boost brain function and activity. Yet tech advancements also come with some unintended consequences. Our brains being "massively rewired" by tech, says neuroscientist Michael Merzenich in The Shallows: What The Internet Is Doing To Our Brains, a Pulitzer-nominated 2011book by Nicholas Carr. Merzenich warns that the effect of technology on human intelligence could be “deadly.”That got us thinking. How exactly is technology messing up our brains?人们认为iPhone、笔记本、和网飞公司是科技进步的证据。
从某种方面来看，这是对的。
比如，适度地网上搜索对你的大脑是有好处的，也有不少应用程序能够促进大脑运转,让大脑活跃起来。
但是科技的进步同样伴随着一些无法预料的后果。
神经系统科学家Michael Merzenich在《浅薄：互联网如何毒化了我们的大脑》中提出，我们的大脑被科技大规模的重组了，这本书是由Nicholas Carr翻译的，曾在2011年提名普利策奖。
Merzenich发出警告说科技对人类智能的影响将是“致命的”。
那么科技究竟是如何让我们的头脑变得一团糟的呢？1. Tech is screwing up your sleep (科技搞砸了你的睡眠)Studies have shown that blue-enriched light, which is emitted by gadgets like smartphones, tablets and laptops, can suppress the body's release of melatonim at night. Melatonin is a key hormone that helps regulate your internal clock, telling your body when it is nighttime and when to feel sleepy. Blue light can disrupt that process, making it impossible for you to stick to a proper sleep schedule. Losing sleep has a number of negative effects on your brain. If you’re not logging seven or more hours of sleep each night, you might suffer from increasingly bad moods, decreased focus at work and problems with memory, not to mention a loss of actual brain tissue–all of which makes you less than a joy to be around.有研究表明智能手机、平板电脑以及笔记本电脑发出的蓝光，能够抑制人体在夜间释放褪黑激素。
褪黑激素是调节人体生物钟的一种关键激素，它能让你的身体保持正常的作息。
而蓝光会中断这一过程，让你没办法遵守正常的作息时间。
而失眠对你的大脑有一系列负面影响。
如果你晚上没有睡够7个小时以上，第二天你就有可能情绪不好，也没办法集中注意力去工作，还有可能产生记忆问题—所有这些都让你无精打采。
2. You’re easily distracted (你很容易分心)You don't really need science to know this, but technology makes it much easier to get distracted, whether that’s stepping away from an important project to check your smartphone or flipping between multiple browser tabs without really focusing on any one. It has been proven that toggling between multiple tasks at once doesn’t actually work —in fact, you just wind up performing all your duties even worse.科技让你很容易分心，无论是当你在谈重要项目的时候去看看你的智能手机，还是在你打开多个浏览页却并没有将注意力集中在任何一个窗口上的时候。
事实已经证明，想要一次性完成多个任务是没用的，这样你反而什么事都做不好。
Teens in particular are more distracted than ever. A 2012 Pew Research Center survey of more than 2,400 teachers found that most educators feel students are more distracted than previous generations. Some 87 percent of teachers agreed with the statement, “today’s digital technologies are creating an easily distracted generation with short attention spans,”while 64 percent agreed with the idea that“today’s digital technologies do more to distract students than to help them academically.”Yikes.尤其是是青少年更容易分心。
2012年，皮尤研究中心调查了2400多名教师，结果发现大多数教育者都感觉现在的学生比前几批更容易分心。
87%的老师都赞同这一结果，认为当今的数码科技造成这一代人注意力集中的时间很短暂；有64%的人认为当今的数码科技在学术上帮到学生的很少，只会让他们分心得更厉害。
3. You can’t remember much…(你没办法记太多的东西)Technology's tendency to butt into whatever else you're doing makes it more difficult to form new memories. As Nicholas Carr explains in The Shallows, memory comes in two types: transient working memory and long-term memory, which is more permanent. Information needs to pass from working memory into long-term memory in order to be stored. Any break in the processes of working memory —like, say, stopping to check your email or send a text message in the middle of reading an article —can erase information from your mind before that transfer occurs.无论你在做什么科技总会参与进去，这让你很难形成新的记忆。
就像Nicholas Carr 在《浅薄：互联网如何毒害你的大脑》里面谈的那样，记忆有两种类型：暂存记忆和长期记忆。
信息要先成为暂存记忆，才能变成长期记忆被大脑储存。
任何暂存记忆的中断，比如停下来检查你的电子邮件或者在阅读文章的中途去看短信，都会在你的大脑将其变为长期记忆之前，将这些信息从大脑中抹掉。
There’s also a limit to how much information your working memory can take in at once. Taking in too much information —which happens a lot online —is like “having water poured into a glass continuously all day long, so whatever was there at the top has to spill out as the new water comes down,”productivity expert Tony Schwartz told the Huffington Post last year.生产力研究专家Tony Schwartz 在去年接受赫芬顿邮报的采访时说道，你的大脑一次性能接收多少暂存记忆也是有限的。
一次性接收太多的信息(这在上网的时候经常发生)，就像“在一天的时间里面不停地往一个玻璃瓶里面倒水，在最上面的水在新的水进来的时候会溢出去”。