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高中英语语法-代词和历年高考试题 (1)

高中英语语法---代词代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1、人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下情况:在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。

如:He is taller than me(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:①在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。

宾格me也一样。

You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.②第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。

He and she still don’t agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。

①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。

②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?2.物主代词(1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

(2)one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

3.反身代词(1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

(2)反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语。

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself自然地,自动地by oneself独自地,in oneself本身性质,beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章(独有)。

Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。

They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同)Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他,他写了起来。

4.相互代词(each other, one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。

其所有格分别为eachother’s 、one another’s ,作定语。

一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。

5.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

(1)指示代词this和that的区别。

①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school.②this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt hi s leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.③为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.④this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词so。

(2)such和same的用法。

①such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。

Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.②same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。

(主语)Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事,对我来说都一样。

(表语)6、疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

(1)who/what①询问姓名或关系。

——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is Henry. 询问职业或地位。

——What is he?——He is a lawyer/teacher.②What/who 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。

What is /are on the table? Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。

I found two books on the desk. Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which 以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever 等。

它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。

这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。

8、不定代词不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。

还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。

下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

(1)some与any一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。

some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。

He has some Chinese paintings. (定语)Some like sports, others like music. (主语)Do you have any questions to ask? (定语)I don’t know any of the students.(宾语)特殊用法:①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

Any child can do that.(定语)You may take any of them.(宾语)②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。

Smith went to some place in England.(定语)③在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。

Would you like some bananas? (邀请)Mum, could you give me some money? (请求)④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。

I don’t know some of the students.(宾语)some和any在句中还可作状语,作副词。

some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。

如:There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2) one, both, all①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself.One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语) This is not the one I want. (表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。

如:These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens. Which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。

This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语) We both are students.(同位语)注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。

如:Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。

Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。

both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而放在它们的前面。

如:Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall.③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。

He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。

All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。

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