人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识梳理、重点词汇解析及单元自测课文回忆2.说明文阅读技巧：找全文或每段的the main point（中心话题）Paragraph1: The spread of English language in the worldParagraph2:Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be able to understand everythingParagraph3:All languages change when cultures communicate with one anotherParagraph4:English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia3.短语归纳1. 不只有一种英语more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面in some important ways3. 彼此不同be different from one another4. 与现代英语不同be different from modern / present day English5. 世界英语world Englishes6. 起着的重要作用play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因为它特殊的作用because of its special role9. 国际语言an international language10. 在16世纪末at the end of the 16th century11. 在17世纪初at the beginning of the 17th century12. 在20世纪前期in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都than ever before14. 即使even if / even though15. 以德语为基础be based on German16. 使用更大的词汇量make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人 a very large number of English speakers19. 学英语的人数the number of people learning English20. 迅速增长 increase rapidly21. 标准英语 standard English22. 信不信由你believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语speak excellent English24. 相邻的城镇neighboring towns25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势present situation28. 国际组织an international organization29. 词汇与惯用法vocabulary and usage30. 辨认出他的口音recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言midwestern dialect(s)32. 发出命令give commands33. 提出客气的请求make a polite request 要点提炼II词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）重点词汇1. present n. 礼物adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送[典例]1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
[重点用法]at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在be present at 出席；到场(反义：be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人⑴All the people ____________________ (出席晚会的)were her supporters.[练习] 中译英1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。
2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。
答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.2). This book was a present from my brother.2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制be in command of 控制…be at one’s command 听任某人支配have / take command of… 指挥…[特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气[练习] 用适当的介词填空1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.2). The army is __________ the king’s direct comm and.3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of3. request n.& v. 请求；要求[典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。
.2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事⑴He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.⑵He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.⑶The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.[练习] 中译英。
1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。
2). 请不要吸烟。
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.扩展===联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认[典例]1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是recognize…to be承认…是recognize +宾语从句意识到；承认⑴I recognize him______________________. (他是个聪明人).⑵Though they hadn’t met for many years，they _________ (认出了对方)at the first sight.[练习] 中译英1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。
2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。
答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的adv. 直接；挺直[典例] 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
[练习] 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。
答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块[典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了[重点用法]a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍[练习] 中译英1). 他们在绕楼群散步。
2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block.2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.7、actually adv. 实际上；事实上相近词汇：in fact\as a matter of fact8．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地9.．native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人be native to...原产于某地one’s native country/land本国，祖国native place出生地one’s native language本国语，本族语，母语a native of当地人/产于……的动/植物[即学即练1](1)China is our ____________，and Chinese is our ____________.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。