初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。

如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。

一、被动语态的构成主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象eg: He wrote the book.eg: The book was written by him.eg: She sings the English song.eg: The English song is sung by her.eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago.eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us.2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态3. 被动语态的各种句式eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt.你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。

eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。

eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。

eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。

eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗?eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗?eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的?eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空?4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式eg: The project must be finished by the end of this week. 这个项目这个用末前必须完成。

eg: These clothes needn't be washed. 这些衣服不必洗。

eg: Should I be allowed make my own decision? 应该允许我自己做决定吗?eg: Can the homework be done in class? 这些家庭作业能在课堂上完成吗?eg: When must this work be done? 这项工作必须在什么时候完成?eg: Who might be elected president of the university? 谁可能被选为这所大学的校长?二、被动语态的用法1.强调动作的承受者主语应该是说话者要突出强调的重点。

如果我们感兴趣的重点发动作的承受者(实语，就用被动语态将其宾语交为主语使其突出。

eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake of April 20,203 in Ya’an.在雅安的地震中很多房屋被损坏了。

(强调destroy的承受者many houses)eg: A new idea has been suggested. 已经提出了一个新想法。

(强调suggest的宾语a new idea)2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出。

eg: Do you know when the first train was produced in China?你知道中国的第一辆火车是什么时候制造的吗?eg:The house is being repaired. 这座房子正在修缮中。

2.强调动作的执行者被动句有时不用by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或者不重要，但是有时也用by短语来强调或突出重要的、新的信息。

eg: The painting on the wall is very valuable. It was done by Picasso墙上的那幅画非常珍贵，那是毕加索画的。

(强调do的发出者Picasso)eg: The beautiful gift was given by my grandfather.这份精美的礼物是我爷爷给我的。

(强调give的发出者grandfather)三、主动语态和被动语态的转化1. 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤步骤一：将主语的宾语作被动语态的主语eg: Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.步骤二：谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表现出不同的时态。

Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.步骤三：主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语(by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。

(有时by短语可以省略）Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. 动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况(1) 主语+谓语+宾语... (主语+be done+by)主动语态：No one has ever beaten Sonya at tennis.被动语态：Sonya has never been beaten (by...) at tennis.(2)A. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语( 主语+be done+直接宾语(+by...)主动语态：They give the children many good books.被动语态：The children were given many good books.B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(主语+ be done to/ for+间接宾语(by...)、主动语态：They give the children many good books.被动语态：Many good books were given to the children by them.(3) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(主语+ be done+宾语补足语(by...)主动语态：We made Mr.White leader of the team.被动语态：Mr. White was made leader of the team.(4)A. 主语+谓语+宾语从句（It+be done+原来的宾语从句）主动语态：They say that Nell is one of the richest people.被动语态：It is said that Nell is one of the richest people.B.主语+谓语（+宾语从句的连接词）+从句宾语+从句的谓语（主语+ be done+不定式to do...）主动语态：We believed that he would succeed.被动语态：He was believed to succeed.(5)祈使句：谓语+宾语（Let+宾语+be done）主动语态：Keep the book where it is.被动语态：Let the book be kept where it is.四.被动语态的注意事项1.主动形式表示被动意义(1)某些连系动词，如look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove等，可用主动语态表示被动含义。

eg: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫提起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。

eg: Everything will prove to be all right in the end. 最后会证明一切顺利。

(2) 表示主语的特征、状态的动词作谓语时。

表示主语的特征、状态的动词常见的有read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等,此类动词常表示主语的某种属性。

eg: Her new novel sells well. 她的新小说很畅销。

eg: This kitchen cleans very easily. 这个厨房很容易清洗。

(3) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。

此类动词通常与can't, won't等连用。

eg: The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。

eg: Suddenly the door opened. 突然间门开了。

(4) 某些表示“发生”的(短语)动词，如happen, take place, spread等。

eg: The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。

eg: The news spread quickly and at last our teacher knew it. 这些消息传播的很快，最后我们老师知道了。

(5)动名词的主动形式表被动意义。

作“需要”讲的need, want, require后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。

eg: The problem requires studying with great care. = The problem requires to be studied with great care.2.短语动词的被动语态将含有“动词+介词/副词”结构的短诉动词的主动向变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词不能遗漏。

注意短语动词只有跟宾语时才能有被动形式。

eg: The girl’s little brother taken good care of by her. 那个女孩的小弟弟被她照顾得很好。

eg: The meeting was put off bcause of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天气，会议被推迟了。