摘要：箱体零件是机器或部件的基础零件，轴、轴承、齿轮等有关零件按照规定的技术要求装配到箱体上， 连接成部件或机器，使其按规定的要求工作。在机械设备中，涡轮减速器箱体零件是一种主要的零件，其 加工质量对机器的精度、性能和寿命有重要影响。本文是在理论学习和实践实习的基础上，充分运用所学 知识对小型涡轮减速器箱体进行加工工艺规程的设计和夹具的设计，根据零件的加工要求制定出可行的工 艺路线和合理的夹具方案，以确保零件的质量。 在设计涡轮减速器箱体零件加工工艺过程中，要通过查表法准确的确定各表面的总余量及余量公差， 合理选择机床加工设备以及相应的加工刀具、进给量、切削速度、功率、夹紧力等用以提高加工精度，保 证其加工质量。加工过程中用夹具装夹工件方便，还可提高劳动生产率，尤其是在批量生产中，大大降低
+0.035 +0.035 0 +0.0的垂直度公差为 0.06mm mm 两孔同轴度公差为Φ 0.06mm mm 两孔同轴度公差为Φ 0.05mm
（4）箱体内部做煤油渗漏检验 （5）铸件人工时效处理 （6）非加工表面涂防锈漆 （7）铸件不能有沙眼、疏松等缺陷 （8）材料 HT200 2.3 零件的工艺分析 分离的涡轮减速器箱体的主要加工部位有：轴承支承孔、接合面、端面、底座、上平面、 螺栓孔、螺纹孔等。加工部位的技术要求有： （1）为了保证工件壁厚均匀，并及时发现铸件的缺陷，在加工前安排画线工艺。 （2）该工件体积小，壁薄，加工时应注意夹紧力的大小，防止变形。 （3）Φ 180 0 （4）Φ 180
目录 摘要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 关键词„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 第一章 绪论 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
1.1 涡轮减速器箱体简介„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1.2 涡轮减速器箱体类零件的结构特点和技术要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 第二章 零件的分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2.1 零件的结构特点„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2.2 零件的图样分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2.3 零件的工艺分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 第三章 零件的工艺规程设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.1 毛坯的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.2 机械加工工艺设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.2.1 基面的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.2.2 粗基面的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.2.3 精基面的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.3 确定工艺方案„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.4 加工设备、刀具及量具的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3．4.1 加工设备与工艺设备„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.4.2 刀具的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3.4.3 量具的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 第四章 切削用量及加工工时的计算„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4.1 工序 4 的切削用量及工时„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4.2 工序 9 的切削用量及工时„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4.3 工序 11 的切削用量及工时„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 第五章 夹具设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
箱体加工的顺序原则为：先加工平面，后加工内孔。 “先面后空”原则是涡轮减速器箱 体零件加工的一般规律；粗精分开，先粗后精。由于涡轮减速器箱体类零件结构复杂，主要 表面的精度要求高，为减少粗加工时产生的切削力、夹紧力和切削热对加工精度的影响，一 般尽可能把粗精加工分开，并分别在不同的机床上进行。至于要求不高的平面，可将粗精两 次进给安排在一个工序内完成，以缩短工艺过程，缩短时效；先加工主要孔，后加工次要孔。 孔系可以采用数控加工。由于加工的孔精度高，加工量大，传统上采用加工自动线。目前在 生产中，为了提高生产的柔性，多采用加工中心。零件的加工可以采用卧式加工中心，工序 集中，完成钻、扩、铰、镗、攻螺纹等工作，可以保证位置精度。涡轮加速器箱体的主要加 工表面为平面和轴承支承孔。涡轮减速器箱体平面的粗加工和半精加工，主要采用刨削和铣 削。铣削的生产率比刨削高，在成批和大量生产中，多采用铣削。涡轮减速器箱体平面的精 加工多用磨削。涡轮减速器箱体上的轴承支承孔，一般采用钻—扩—粗铰—精铰或镗—半精 镗—精镗的加工方案进行加工。 2 零件的分析 2.1 零件的结构特点 箱体是机器和部件的基础零件，由它将机器和部件中许多零件连接成个整体，并使之保 持正确的相互位置，彼此能协调地运动。常见的箱体零件有：各种形式的机床主轴箱，减速 箱和变速箱等。各种箱体类零件由于功用不同，形状结构差别较大，但结构上也存在着相同 的特点，如尺寸较大、形状复杂、精度较高、有许多紧固螺钉定位孔等。 2.2 零件的图样分析 （1）Φ 180 0 （2）Φ 180 （3） Φ 90
了生产成本。 关键词：箱体零件 切削加工 工艺 夹具 Abstract: The box parts are parts of the machine or basic components, shaft, bearings, gears and other related parts in accordance with the technical requirements of assembly on the box body to be component or machine and then work according to the requirements. In a mechanical device, a turbine reducer box part is one of the main parts, the quality of its processing has an important influence on precision of the machine, the performance and service life. The article is to make full use of the knowledge to design the small turbine reducer box processing technological process and fixture, according to the components processing request to make a feasible technical route and reasonable fixture scheme for ensuring the quality of parts after the study of theory and practice. In the process of the design of the turbine speed reducer box body parts machining, we should accurately determine the surface total allowance and allowance tolerance, rational selection of machining equipment and the corresponding processing tools, feed rate, cutting speed, power, clamping force is used to improve the accuracy of processing, ensure the machining quality through the method of look-up table. During the processing it is not only convenient to use clamping fixture, but also can improve labor productivity, especially in batch production and greatly reduced the cost of production. Key word: box part machine work process fixture
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绪论
1.1 涡轮减速器箱体简介 涡轮减速器箱体零件是机器及其部件的基础零件， 它将机器及其部件中的轴、 轴承、 套、 和齿轮等零件按一定的相互位置关系装配成一个整体，并按预定传动关系协调其运动。在机 械设备中，涡轮减速器箱体零件是一种主要的零件，其加工质量对机器的精度、性能和寿命 有重要影响。涡轮减速器箱体的具体结构、尺寸虽不相同，但有许多共同特点。其结构一般 都比较复杂，壁薄且不均匀，内部型腔复杂，箱壁上既有许多孔要加工，又有许多面要加工， 加工部位多，加工难度大。 1.2 涡轮减速器箱体类零件的结构特点和技术要求 箱体结构较复杂，加工表面主要为平面和孔系。箱体的设计基准为平面，一般要求较高 的平面度和表面质量。箱体上有空间距和同轴度要求的一些列孔，零件的组孔用于安装轴承。 孔的尺寸精度一般较高，空间距精度要求高。粗基准的选择影响到余量的分配和工件的装夹 方式，一般选用轴孔为粗基准。精基准主要是满足精度要求，可以根据基准重合原则，选择 设计基准作为精基准。
+0.035 +0.035 0
mm 和Φ 90 0 mm 和Φ 90
+0.027 +0.027 0