植物学形态解剖名词:植物学(Botany)植物形态学(Plant morphology)植物解剖学(plant anatomy)原生质体(protoplast)细胞壁(cell wall)显微结构(microscopic structure)亚显微结构(submicroscopic structure)超微结构(ultramicroscopic structure)质体(Plastid)叶绿体(chloroplast)类囊体(thylakoid)基粒(granum)基粒间膜(基质片层,fret)基质(stroma或matrix)有色体(或称杂色体,chromoplast)白色体(leucoplast)造油体(elaioplast)前质体(proplastid)液泡(vacuole)液泡膜(tonoplast)细胞液(cell sap)纹孔(pit)胞间连丝(plasmodesmata)后含物(ergastic substance)淀粉粒(starch grain)淀粉体(amylop1ast)脐点(hilum)拟晶体(crystalloid)糊粉粒(aleuronegrain)糊粉层(aleurone layer)胞质分裂(Cytokinesis)成膜体(phragmoplast)细胞板(cellplate)微管周期(microtubule cycle)细胞分化(cell differentiation)反分化(或脱分化dedifferentiation)组织(tissue)分生组织(meristematic tissue或meristem)顶端分生组织(apical meristem)侧生分生组织(lateral meristem)居间分生组织(intercalarymeristem)形成层(cambium)木栓形成层(cork cambium或phellogen)原分生组织(promeri-stem)初生分生组织(primary meristem)次生分生组织(secondary meristem)保护组织(protective tissue)薄壁组织(parenchyma)机械组织(mechanical tissue)输导组织(conducting tissue)分泌结构(secretory structure)表皮(epidermis)周皮(periderm)气孔(stoma)皮孔(lenticel)保卫细胞(guard cell)吸收组织(absorptive tissue)根毛(root hair)木栓(phellem或cork)栓内层(phelloderm)同化组织(assimilating tissue)储藏组织(storage tissue)储水组织(aqueous tissue)通气组织(aerenchyma)传递细胞(transfer cell)厚角组织(collenchyma)厚壁组织(sclerencnyma)石细胞(sclereid或stone cell)纤维(fiber)木质部(xylem)韧皮部(phloem)管胞(tracheid)导管分子(vesselelement或vesselmember)穿孔(perforation)导管(vessel)筛管分子(sieve-tube element或sieve-tube member)筛管(sieve tube)筛孔(sieve pore)筛孔(sieve pore)筛板(sieve plate)原生质联络索(connecting strand)胼胝质(callose)筛域(sive area)伴胞(companioncell)胼胝体(callus)筛胞(sieve cell)腺表皮(glandular epidermis)腺毛(glandular hair)蜜腺(nectary)排水器(hydathode)吐水(guttation)水孔(waterPore)通水组织(epithem)分泌细胞(secretorycell)分泌腔(secretorycavity)分泌道(secretorycanal)乳汁管(laticifer)无节乳汁管(nonar-ticulatelaticifer)有节乳汁管(arti-culatelaticifer)组织系统(tissue system)皮组织系统(dermal tissue system)维管组织系统(vascular tissue system)基本组织系统(fundamental tissue system或groundtissue system)皮系统(dermal system)维管系统(vascular system)基本系统(fundamental system或ground system)种子(seed)胚(embryo)胚乳(endosperm)种皮(seed coat,testa)外胚乳(perisperm)胚根(radicle)胚芽(plumule)胚轴(hypocotyl)子叶(cotyledon)种脐(hilum)种阜(caruncle)种脊(raphe)有胚乳种子(albuminousseed)无胚乳种子(exalbuminous seed)胚芽鞘(coleoptile)胚根鞘(coleorhi- za)盾片(scutellum)外胚叶(epiblast)种子萌发(seed germination)子叶出土的幼苗(epigaeous seedling)子叶留土的幼苗(hypogaeous seedling)器官(organ)营养器官(vegetative organ)根(root)根系(root system)主根(main root)直根(tap root)初生根(primaryroot)侧根(lateral root)次生根(secondaryroot)不定根(adventitiousroot)定根(normal root)种子根(seminal root)直根系(taprootsystem)须根系(fibrousrootsystem)原始细胞(initialcell)不活动中心(或称静止中心,quiescentcentre)根尖(roottip)根冠(root cap)分生区(meristematiczone)伸长区(elongationzone)成熟区(maturationzone)维管柱(vascular cylinder)皮层(cortex)切向分裂(弦向分裂,tangentialdivision)平周分裂(periclinalkivision)径向分裂(radialdivision)横向分裂(transversedivision)垂周分裂(anticlinaldivision)根毛区(roothairzone)初生生长(primary growth)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)根被(velamen)外皮层(exodermis)内皮层(endoder-mis)凯氏带(Casparian strip)通道细胞(passage cell)中柱鞘(pericycle)髓(pith)初生木质部(primary xylem)初生韧皮部(primary phloem)外始式(exarch)原生木质部(protoxylem)后生木质部(metaxylem)木质部脊(xylem ridge)二原型(diarch)三原型(triarch)四原型(tetrarch)五原型(pentarch)六原型(hexarch)多原型(polyarch)原生韧皮部(protophloem)后生韧皮部(meta-phloem)根原基(root primordium)内起源(endogenousorigin)形成层环(cambium ring)木射线(xylemray)韧皮射线(phloemray)维管射线(vascularray)木栓形成层(phellogen或cork cambium)栓内层(phelloderm)木栓(phellem或cork)周皮(periderm)共生(symbiosis)根瘤(root nodule)菌根(mycorrhiza)外生菌根(ectotrophic mycorrhiza)内生菌根(endotrophic mycorrhiza)内外生菌根(ectendotrophicmycorrhiza)茎(stem)节(node)节间(internode)枝或枝条(shoot)叶痕(leafscar)维管束痕(bundle scar,简称束痕)芽鳞痕(bud scalescar)芽(bud)枝芽(branch bud)叶芽(leafbud)花芽(floralbud)叶原基(leaf primordium)腋芽原基(axillary bud primordium)侧枝原基(lateral branch primordium)枝原基(branchprimordium)芽轴(bud axis)定芽(normalbud)不定芽(adventitiousbud)顶芽(terminal bud)腋芽(axillary bud)侧芽(lateral bud)副芽(accessory bud)叶柄下芽(subpetiolar bud)裸芽(nakedbud)被芽(protectedbud)鳞片(scale)芽鳞(bud scale)鳞芽(scalybud)混合芽(mixedbud)活动芽(activebud)休眠芽(dormant bud)潜伏芽(latent bud)直立茎(erect stem)缠绕茎(twining stem)攀援茎(climbing stem)匍匐茎(creeping stem)纤匍枝(runner)单轴分枝(monopodial branching)合轴分枝(sympodial branching)假二叉分枝(falsedichotomous branching)二叉分枝(dichotomousbranching)分蘖(tiller)原表皮(protoderm)基本分生组织(ground meristem)原形成层(procambium)生长点(growing point)生长锥(growing tip)茎端(stem apex)根端(root apex)枝端或苗端(shoot apex)茎尖(stemtip)根尖(root tip)组织原学说(histogen theory)表皮原(dermatogen)皮层原(periblem)中柱原(plerome)原套-原体学说(tunica-corpus theory)原套(tunica)原体(corpus)细胞学分区概念(concept of cytologicalzonation)叶原座(leaf buttress)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)通气组织(aerenchyma)淀粉鞘(starch sheath)无限维管束(open bundle)有限维管束(closed bundle)外韧维管束(collateral bundle)双韧维管束(bicollateral bundle)周韧维管束(amphicribral bundle)周木维管束(amphivasal bundle)同心维管束(concentric bundle)中柱(stele)原生中柱(protostele)管状中柱(siphonostele)中央柱(centralcylinder)维管柱(vascularcylinder)内始式(endarch)环髓带(perimedullaryzone)髓腔(pith cavity)髓射线(pith ray)初生射线(primary ray)树脂道(resin canal)维管束鞘(bundle sheath)下皮(hypodermis)初生加厚分生组织(primary thickening meristem)束中形成层(fascicularcambium)。